Antenna design

WCDMA,TD-SCDMA,3G, 4G, more and more fancy comm technologies are blooming, really make people exciting. However, they seemed to me like mathematical models or digital communication models(all kinds of algorithms) everytime when I tried to read something to understand them, which always made me feel frustrated Cannot see any relationship between these comm things and antenna development. Designing of novel types of antennas must be an inevitable step for realizing those communication frameworks, right? So what is the trend of antenna design development?