Angle of Arrival measurment Project help needed

Hi

I am doing project on Angle of Arrival measurement for the radio frequency need some clearance,

1. Frequency selection :

I think greater the frequency the smaller the size of the antenna so i chosed the frequency close to 1 GHz since commercial gsm signal is close to 1 GHz range so i wont have any problem for for the transmitter design . Am i right?

2. Antenna selection

I know only one antenna Yagi Uda andtenna and I am working on Yagi antenna's then its length will be lesser then 40cm but even this length make a hell of work

3. Processing

I need help in signal processing i.e how should i go for amplification and displaying data. I am looking for 8051 with ADC and LCD But 8051 works in the range of megahertz and my antenna is receiving in the range of Gigahertz .

4. Simulation

how should i simulate all my theatrical work?

Re Q 2:

Sounds as though you want to find direction. A multi-element yagi ought to be suitable. Ought to be easy to build. The more elements, the more directional and the more gain.

I once made a yagi for tv channel 13. About a dozen elements. About few feet by a couple feet. Used 2 wood rails. Attached to make a T. I attached elements (copper wires, 12 gauge) with rubber bands. Each element sat square on top of the rail. Not too hard.

Re Q 3:

You will need to use a detector which receives at GHz speed. Similar to a wifi unit.

It will process signals and make them suitable for your microcontroller to digest at MHz speed. Similar to a wifi unit.

You may have to obtain a ready-made unit. To make your own will require a lot of know-how.

i downloaded some tutorials but could not find a suitable way to design the antenna

please if there any tutorial link please share it with me

There are many solutions to find angel of arrival signal. Most simple and compact is a single small loop antenna both to build and to handle. It is much more precise then even real big Yagi Uda antennas. It is however less good for weak signals as you not are searching for max signal and you also get a false opposite direction. A antenna consisting of two phased dipoles eliminates the false direction and is probably the most common type of handheld DF antenna were it still also is possible to also finding height angel. Often used for tracking wild animals. It works in similar way, finding direction were incoming signal is as weakest but incoming antenna polarization must also be taken in account. Both types of antennas requires that they are manual searching for minimum direction.
With minimum three dipoles (Adcock array) can direction be logic controlled/analyzed for relative simple automatic direction finding within a few degrees but it is then seldom something that is handheld and requires complex calibration and phase control for best result and gives no information about height angel. It is that type of DF antennas that can be seen at airports at top of control tower. All these direction finding antennas gives false result if you are in a complex environment with a lot of reflections but can partly be solved by advanced signal analyze. Even at at an open field will a handheld DF antenna at 1GHz have problem to find correct height due to reflections in ground.
At some ballistic weapons can two relative big steerable helix antennas be seen. They are tracking antennas. These two antennas reduces problem with reflections and unknown polarization. More complex solutions can be found by searching for ELINT SIGINT or COMINT which is military shortcuts for more or less intelligent antenna systems.

I followed guidelines in the ARRL handbook for making a yagi.

I used a wood rail under the element which I attached wires to. It needed support because it is two wires, not a continuous span.

Here's a site which gives a formula telling how large to make the elements, based on frequency. With a diagram.

How to Build an Antenna

I would ignore that site. It seems to disregard the wire diameter, yet the impedance of a dipole is quite dependent on that, so the properties of a Yagi-Uda array will be too, as that's made up of a number of dipoles.

There are unfortunately a ton of amateur radio sites with information about building antennas, where the person writing the article does not have a clue. Next time you come across directions of how to make an antenna, ask yourself what proof the author has provided that the antenna works as he claims.

Unless the signal is weak, the best way to find the direction of an incoming signal is to use the null in an antenna pattern, rather than the peak. The nulls are much sharper than the peaks.

Lots of radio hams do "fox hunting". where the idea is to find a hidden transmitter (the fox). I'm sure there are lots of articles about this, but I suspect many are of rather dubious quality. But it should give the original poster some ideas.

No argument from me. It was simply one of the first links that popped up in a Google search.

As to the element diameter, I see recommendations to keep it in a certain range, based on wavelength.

A few more links on yagi construction are below. (Although I am not necessarily saying a yagi is the best type for the OP to use.)

Martin E. Meserve - K7MEM - VHF/UHF Yagi Antenna Design

Martin E. Meserve - K7MEM - VHF/UHF Yagi Antenna Feed Design

Choosing element diameter? [Archive] - QRZ Forums

Yagi Antenna construction notes