电子术语中英文对照

determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.

一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。

P

　　PROM（可编程只读存储器）

Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.

可编程只读存储器。能被设备编程器写的一种ROM。这种内存设备可以被编程一次，所以它们有时被作为写一次或一次性编程设备来看待。

　　parallel processing（并行进程）

　　 The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.

一种在单个计算机上运行两个或多个程序的能力。

　　Peripheral （外设）

　　 A piece of hardware other than the processor, usually memory or an I/O device. The peripheral may reside within the same chip as the processor, in which case it is called an internal peripheral.

一种不同于处理器的硬件设备，常指内存或I/O设备。外设经常和处理器在一片芯片上，在这种情况下，它被称为集成外设。

　　physical address（物理地址）

　　 The actual address that is placed on the address bus when accessing a memory location or register.

当访问内存位置或寄存器时，在地址总线上的真实的地址。

　　Preemptive（抢先）

　　 A scheduler is said to be preemptive if it allows the running task to be suspended when a higher-priority task becomes ready. Non-preemptive schedulers are easier to implement but less appropriate for embedded systems.

当一个高优先级的任务准备好时，充许正在运行的任务被挂起的调度策略被称为优先。无优先的调度策略更容易实现一些但适合在嵌入式系统中使用。

　Polling(轮询)

　　 A method of interfacing with hardware that involves repeatedly reading a status register until the device has reached the awaited state. Device drivers are either polling or interrupt-driven, with the latter being more generally preferred.

一种硬件交互方法，不断读状态寄存器，直到设备进入等待状态。设备驱动程序不是轮询的就是中断驱动的，后一种越来越成为首选的。

　Priority（优先）

　　 The relative importance of one task compared to another.

一个任务与其他任务相比的重要关系。

　priority inversion（优先转置）

　　 An unwanted software situation in which a high- priority task is delayed while waiting for access to a shared resource that is not even being used at the time. For all practical purposes, the priority of this task has been lowered during the delay period.

一种不希望发生的软件状态，在此状态一个高优先级任务因为等待访问一个那时不再使用的共享资源而被延迟。在所有的实践目标中，这个任务的优先级在延迟周期内都被降低。

　Process（进程）

　　 A word that is often confused with task or thread. The crucial distinction is that all of the tasks in a system share a common memory space. Processes, on the other hand, always have their own private memory space. Processes are common in multi-user systems but are rarely, if ever, found in embedded systems.

这个名词经常与任务或线程混淆。至关重要的差别在于系统中的所有任务共享公共的内存空间。进程，另一方面，常常有它们自己的私有内存空间。进程在多用户系统中，但少有地，如有可能，也可在嵌入式系统中。

　Processor（处理器）

　　 A generic term that does not distinction between microprocessor, microcontroller, and digital signal processor.

一个对于微处理器、微控制器他数字信号处器无差别的通用术语。

　processor family（处理器族）

　　 A set of related processors, usually successive generations from the same manufacturer. For example, Intel"s 80x86 family began with the 8086 and now in cludes the 80186, 286, 386, 486, Pentium, and many others. The later models in a family are typically backwards-compatible with the ones that came before.

一个相关的处理器集，常常连续地从一个生产商产生。例如：Intel"s