微波EDA网,见证研发工程师的成长! 2025婵犵數濮烽弫鍛婃叏閻戣棄鏋侀柛娑橈攻閸欏繘鏌i幋锝嗩棄闁哄绶氶弻娑樷槈濮楀牊鏁鹃梺鍛婄懃缁绘﹢寮婚悢铏圭<闁靛繒濮甸悘宥夋⒑缁嬪潡顎楁い锔诲灦閳ワ箓宕稿Δ浣告疂闂傚倸鐗婄粙鎴︼綖瀹€鈧槐鎾存媴閸濆嫮褰欓梺鎼炲劀閸滀礁鏅i梻浣筋嚙鐎涒晝绮欓幒鏇熸噷闂佽绻愬ù姘跺储婵傚憡绠掓繝鐢靛Т閿曘倝骞婃惔銏㈩洸闁诡垼鐏旀惔銊ョ倞鐟滄繈鐓鈧埞鎴﹀灳瀹曞洤鐓熼悗瑙勬礈閸犳牠銆佸鈧幃娆忣啅椤旈敮鍋撻幘顔解拻闁稿本鐟чˇ锕傛煙鐠囇呯瘈闁诡喚鍏樻俊鐤槼鐎规洖寮堕幈銊ヮ渻鐠囪弓澹曢柣搴㈩問閸犳牠鈥﹂悜钘夋瀬闁归偊鍘肩欢鐐测攽閻樻彃顏撮柛姘嚇濮婄粯鎷呴悷閭﹀殝缂備浇顕ч崐姝岀亱濡炪倖鎸鹃崐锝呪槈閵忕姷顦板銈嗘尵婵兘鏁嶅⿰鍫熲拺缂備焦锚婵箓鏌涢幘瀵告噰鐎规洘绻堟俊鍫曞幢濞嗘埈鍟庣紓浣鸿檸閸欏啴藟閹捐泛濮柍褜鍓熼幃妤€鈻撻崹顔界亪濡炪値鍘鹃崗姗€鐛崘顔碱潊闁靛牆鎳庣粣娑欑節閻㈤潧孝閻庢凹鍠涢崐鎾⒒閸屾艾鈧绮堟笟鈧獮澶愭晸閻樿尙顔囬梺绯曞墲缁嬫垵顔忓┑鍥ヤ簻闁哄啫鍊婚幗鍌炴煕閻旈攱鍣界紒杈ㄦ崌瀹曟帒顫濋钘変壕闁归棿绀佺壕褰掓煟閹达絽袚闁搞倕瀚伴弻銈夊箹娴h閿梺鎼炲妽濮婂綊濡甸崟顖氱闁告鍋熸禒濂告⒑閹肩偛濡奸柛濠傛健瀵鈽夐姀鈺傛櫇闂佹寧绻傚Λ娑⑺囬妷鈺傗拺闁芥ê顦弳鐔兼煕閻樺磭澧电€殿喖顭峰鎾偄閾忚鍟庨梻浣虹帛閸旓箓宕滃鑸靛仧闁哄洢鍨洪埛鎴犵磼鐎n偒鍎ラ柛搴$箲娣囧﹪顢曢敐鍥╃杽閻庢鍠涢褔鍩ユ径濠庢僵妞ゆ劧绲芥刊浼存⒒娴e憡鍟為柟绋挎閸┾偓妞ゆ巻鍋撻崡閬嶆煕椤愶絿绠ユ繛鎾愁煼閺屾洟宕煎┑鍥ф畻闂佺粯绋掔划鎾诲蓟閻旂厧绀勯柕鍫濇椤忥拷04闂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹閹间礁纾归柟闂寸绾惧綊鏌熼梻瀵割槮缁炬儳缍婇弻鐔兼⒒鐎靛壊妲紒鐐劤缂嶅﹪寮婚悢鍏尖拻閻庨潧澹婂Σ顔剧磼閻愵剙鍔ょ紓宥咃躬瀵鎮㈤崗灏栨嫽闁诲酣娼ф竟濠偽i鍓х<闁诡垎鍐f寖闂佺娅曢幑鍥灳閺冨牆绀冩い蹇庣娴滈箖鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏嚬缂併劌銈搁弻鐔兼儌閸濄儳袦闂佸搫鐭夌紞渚€銆佸鈧幃娆撳箹椤撶噥妫ч梻鍌欑窔濞佳兾涘▎鎴炴殰闁圭儤顨愮紞鏍ㄧ節闂堟侗鍎愰柡鍛叀閺屾稑鈽夐崡鐐差潻濡炪們鍎查懝楣冨煘閹寸偛绠犻梺绋匡攻椤ㄥ棝骞堥妸鈺傚€婚柦妯侯槺閿涙盯姊虹紒妯哄闁稿簺鍊濆畷鎴犫偓锝庡枟閻撶喐淇婇婵嗗惞婵犫偓娴犲鐓冪憸婊堝礂濞戞碍顐芥慨姗嗗墻閸ゆ洟鏌熺紒銏犳灈妞ゎ偄鎳橀弻宥夊煛娴e憡娈查梺缁樼箖濞茬喎顫忕紒妯诲闁芥ê锛嶉幘缁樼叆婵﹩鍘规禍婊堟煥閺冨浂鍤欓柡瀣ㄥ€楃槐鎺撴綇閵婏富妫冮悗娈垮枟閹歌櫕鎱ㄩ埀顒勬煃闁款垰浜鹃梺褰掝棑缁垳鎹㈠☉娆愮秶闁告挆鍛呮艾鈹戦悙鍙夊珔缂佹彃娼″顐︻敊鐏忔牗顫嶉梺闈涢獜缁辨洟宕㈤柆宥嗏拺闁告繂瀚弳濠囨煕鐎n偅灏扮紒缁樼洴閹崇娀顢楅埀顒勫几濞戙垺鐓熸繛鎴濆船濞呭秶鈧鍠曠划娆撱€佸Ο娆炬Ъ闂佸搫鎳忕换鍫濐潖濞差亝顥堟繛鎴炶壘椤e搫鈹戦悙棰濆殝缂佽尪娉曢崚鎺楊敇閻旈绐炴繝鐢靛Т鐎涒晝鈧潧鐭傚娲濞戞艾顣哄┑鈽嗗亝缁嬫帡寮查崼鏇熺劶鐎广儱妫涢崢閬嶆煟鎼搭垳绉甸柛鎾寸懄缁傛帡鏌嗗鍡欏幍濡炪倖娲栧Λ娑氬姬閳ь剚绻濈喊澶岀?闁稿繑锕㈠畷娲晸閻樿尙锛滃┑鐘诧工閸燁偆绮诲ú顏呪拻闁稿本鐟чˇ锕傛煙绾板崬浜滈悡銈夋煏婵炵偓娅呯痪鍓х帛缁绘盯骞嬪▎蹇曚患闂佺粯甯掗悘姘跺Φ閸曨垰绠抽柛鈩冦仦婢规洘绻濋悽闈浶涢柛瀣崌濮婃椽顢楅埀顒傜矓閹绢喗鍊块柛顭戝亖娴滄粓鏌熼崫鍕ラ柛蹇撶焸閺屾盯鎮㈤崫銉ュ绩闂佸搫鐬奸崰鏍х暦濞嗘挸围闁糕剝顨忔导锟�03闂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹閹间礁纾归柟闂寸绾惧綊鏌熼梻瀵割槮缁炬儳缍婇弻鐔兼⒒鐎靛壊妲紒鐐劤缂嶅﹪寮婚悢鍏尖拻閻庨潧澹婂Σ顔剧磼閻愵剙鍔ょ紓宥咃躬瀵鎮㈤崗灏栨嫽闁诲酣娼ф竟濠偽i鍓х<闁诡垎鍐f寖闂佺娅曢幑鍥灳閺冨牆绀冩い蹇庣娴滈箖鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏嚬缂併劌銈搁弻鐔兼儌閸濄儳袦闂佸搫鐭夌紞渚€銆佸鈧幃娆撳箹椤撶噥妫ч梻鍌欑窔濞佳兾涘▎鎴炴殰闁圭儤顨愮紞鏍ㄧ節闂堟侗鍎愰柡鍛叀閺屾稑鈽夐崡鐐差潻濡炪們鍎查懝楣冨煘閹寸偛绠犻梺绋匡攻椤ㄥ棝骞堥妸鈺傚€婚柦妯侯槺閿涙盯姊虹紒妯哄闁稿簺鍊濆畷鎴犫偓锝庡枟閻撶喐淇婇婵嗗惞婵犫偓娴犲鐓冪憸婊堝礂濞戞碍顐芥慨姗嗗墻閸ゆ洟鏌熺紒銏犳灈妞ゎ偄鎳橀弻宥夊煛娴e憡娈查梺缁樼箖閻楃姴顫忕紒妯肩懝闁逞屽墴閸┾偓妞ゆ帒鍊告禒婊堟煠濞茶鐏¢柡鍛埣楠炲秹顢欓崜褝绱叉俊鐐€栧ú鏍涘☉銏犵濞寸厧鐡ㄩ幊姘舵煛瀹ュ海浜圭憸鐗堝笚閺呮煡鏌涢銈呮珡濞寸姭鏅涢—鍐Χ閸℃ǚ鎷瑰┑鐐跺皺閸犲酣锝炶箛鎾佹椽顢旈崨顓濈敾闂備浇顫夐鏍窗濡ゅ懎绠熷┑鍌氭啞閳锋垿鏌ゆ慨鎰偓鏇㈠几閸岀偞鐓曢幖杈剧稻閺嗩剚顨ラ悙鎻掓殭妞ゎ偅绮撻崺鈧い鎺戝閺勩儵鏌ㄩ悢鍝勑㈢紒鈧崘鈹夸簻闊洦鎸婚敍鏃傜磼鏉堛劎鍙€婵﹦绮幏鍛存惞閻熸壆顐奸梻浣藉吹閸犲棝宕归挊澶屾殾闁硅揪绠戠粻鑽ょ磽娴h疮缂氶柛姗€浜跺娲濞淬劌缍婂畷鏇㈠箮閽樺妲梺鎸庣箓濞茬娀宕戦幘鏂ユ灁闁割煈鍠楅悘鍫濐渻閵堝骸寮柡鈧潏銊р攳濠电姴娲ょ粻鐟懊归敐鍛喐闁告ɑ鎮傚铏圭矙閹稿孩鎷遍梺娲诲弾閸犳岸鎳炴潏銊ь浄閻庯綆鍋€閹风粯绻涙潏鍓у埌闁硅櫕鐟ㄩ妵鎰板箳閹存繄褰夋俊鐐€栫敮鎺楀磹婵犳碍鍎楁繛鍡樻尰閻撴瑩寮堕崼鐔峰姢闁伙附绮撻弻鈩冩媴缁嬪簱鍋撻崸妤€钃熼柕濞炬櫆閸嬪棝鏌涚仦鍓р槈妞ゅ骏鎷� 闂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹閹间礁纾归柟闂寸绾惧綊鏌熼梻瀵割槮缁炬儳缍婇弻鐔兼⒒鐎靛壊妲紒鐐劤缂嶅﹪寮婚悢鍏尖拻閻庨潧澹婂Σ顔剧磼閻愵剙鍔ょ紓宥咃躬瀵鎮㈤崗灏栨嫽闁诲酣娼ф竟濠偽i鍓х<闁诡垎鍐f寖闂佺娅曢幑鍥灳閺冨牆绀冩い蹇庣娴滈箖鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏嚬缂併劌銈搁弻鐔兼儌閸濄儳袦闂佸搫鐭夌紞渚€銆佸鈧幃娆撳箹椤撶噥妫ч梻鍌欑窔濞佳兾涘▎鎴炴殰闁圭儤顨愮紞鏍ㄧ節闂堟侗鍎愰柡鍛叀閺屾稑鈽夐崡鐐差潻濡炪們鍎查懝楣冨煘閹寸偛绠犻梺绋匡攻椤ㄥ棝骞堥妸鈺傚€婚柦妯侯槺閿涙盯姊虹紒妯哄闁稿簺鍊濆畷鎴犫偓锝庡枟閻撶喐淇婇婵嗗惞婵犫偓娴犲鐓冪憸婊堝礂濞戞碍顐芥慨姗嗗墻閸ゆ洟鏌熺紒銏犳灈妞ゎ偄鎳橀弻锝呂熼懡銈呯仼闂佹悶鍎崝搴ㄥ储闁秵鐓熼煫鍥ㄦ礀娴犳粌顭胯缁瑩骞冮敓鐙€鏁嶆慨妯垮亹閸炵敻鏌i悢鍝ユ噧閻庢凹鍘剧划鍫ュ焵椤掑嫭鈷戦悗鍦濞兼劙鏌涢妸銉﹀仴闁靛棔绀侀埢搴ㄥ箣閻樼绱查梻浣筋潐閸庤櫕鏅舵惔锝囩幓婵°倕鎳忛埛鎺懨归敐鍛暈闁哥喓鍋為妵鍕敇閻愭惌妫﹂悗瑙勬礃閿曘垽寮幇鏉垮耿婵炲棗鑻禍鐐箾瀹割喕绨奸柛濠傜仛椤ㄣ儵鎮欓懠顑胯檸闂佸憡姊圭喊宥囨崲濞戙垺鍤戞い鎺嗗亾闁宠鐗忛埀顒冾潐濞叉﹢宕归崸妤冨祦婵せ鍋撻柟铏矒濡啫鈽夊▎鎴斿亾椤撱垺鈷掑ù锝呮啞閸熺偞绻涚拠褏鐣电€规洘绮岄埥澶愬閳╁啯鐝繝鐢靛仦閸垶宕瑰ú顏勭厱闁硅揪闄勯悡鏇熺箾閹寸們姘舵儑鐎n偆绠鹃柛顐ゅ枑缁€鈧梺瀹狀潐閸ㄥ潡骞冨▎鎴炲珰鐟滄垿宕ラ锔解拺閻犲洠鈧櫕鐏嗛梺鍛婎殕婵炲﹪濡存担鍓叉僵閻犻缚娅i崝锕€顪冮妶鍡楀潑闁稿鎹囬弻锝夋晲閸パ冨箣閻庤娲栭妶绋款嚕閹绢喖惟闁挎棁濮ら悵婊勭節閻㈤潧袨闁搞劎鍘ч埢鏂库槈閵忊晜鏅為梺绯曞墲閵囨盯寮稿澶嬪€堕柣鎰礋閹烘缁╁ù鐘差儐閻撶喐淇婇婵囶仩濞寸姵鐩弻锟犲幢韫囨梹鐝旈梺瀹狀潐閸ㄥ潡銆佸▎鎾村殟闁靛鍎遍弨顓熶繆閵堝洤啸闁稿鐩弫鍐Ψ閵夘喖娈梺鍛婃处閸ㄦ壆绮诲☉娆嶄簻闁圭儤鍨垫禍鎵磼闁秳鎲炬慨濠勭帛閹峰懐绮电€n偆绉烽柣搴ゎ潐濞叉﹢鏁冮姀銈冣偓浣割潩閹颁焦鈻岄梻浣告惈鐞氼偊宕濋幋鐐扮箚闁割偅娲栭獮銏ゆ煛閸モ晛啸闁伙綁绠栧缁樼瑹閳ь剙岣胯閹囧幢濞嗗苯浜炬慨妯煎帶閻忥妇鈧娲橀〃鍛存偩濠靛绀嬫い鎺戝€搁獮鍫熺節閻㈤潧浠滄俊顐n殘閹广垽骞嬩綅婢舵劕顫呴柍鈺佸暙瀵寧绻濋悽闈浶㈤柟鍐茬箻椤㈡棃鎮╅悽鐢碉紲闁哄鐗勯崝宀€绮幒妤佹嚉闁挎繂顦伴悡鐘测攽椤旇棄濮囬柍褜鍏欓崐鏇炲祫濡炪倖甯掔€氼參鍩涢幒鎳ㄥ綊鏁愰崨顔兼畼閻熸粎澧楃敮妤呭疾濠靛鐓忛柛顐g箖鐎氬懘鏌ら弶鎸庡仴婵﹥妞介、妤呭焵椤掑倻鐭撻柟缁㈠枟閸婂潡鏌涢…鎴濅簴濞存粍绮撻弻鐔煎传閸曨厜銉╂煕韫囨挾鐒搁柡灞剧洴閹垽宕妷銉ョ哗闂備礁鎼惉濂稿窗閺嵮呮殾婵炲棙鎸稿洿闂佺硶鍓濋〃蹇斿閿燂拷闂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹閹间礁纾归柟闂寸绾惧綊鏌熼梻瀵割槮缁炬儳缍婇弻鐔兼⒒鐎靛壊妲紒鐐劤缂嶅﹪寮婚悢鍏尖拻閻庨潧澹婂Σ顔剧磼閻愵剙鍔ょ紓宥咃躬瀵鎮㈤崗灏栨嫽闁诲酣娼ф竟濠偽i鍓х<闁绘劦鍓欓崝銈囩磽瀹ュ拑韬€殿喖顭烽弫鎰緞婵犲嫷鍚呴梻浣瑰缁诲倿骞夊☉銏犵缂備焦岣块崢杈ㄧ節閻㈤潧孝闁稿﹤缍婂畷鎴﹀Ψ閳哄倻鍘搁柣蹇曞仩椤曆勬叏閸屾壕鍋撳▓鍨灍闁瑰憡濞婇獮鍐ㄢ枎瀵版繂婀遍埀顒婄秵娴滄瑦绔熼弴銏♀拺闁告稑锕︾紓姘舵煕鎼淬倖鐝紒瀣槸椤撳吋寰勭€n剙骞愰柣搴$畭閸庤鲸顨ラ幖浣哄祦婵°倕鎳忛悡鐔兼煙閹呮憼缂佲偓閸愵喗鐓忛柛銉戝喚浼冨Δ鐘靛仜濞差厼鐣峰⿰鍕闁间粙鏀遍崹鍦閹惧瓨濯撮柟缁樺笂婢规洟姊绘笟鈧埀顒傚仜閼活垱鏅堕幍顔剧<閺夊牄鍔屽ù顕€鏌熼鐣屾噰妞ゃ垺顨婇崺鈧い鎺戝缁€澶愭煏閸繍妲归柣鎾跺枛閻擃偊宕堕妸锔规嫽缂備胶濮烽崑銈夊蓟濞戙垹鐓涢柛鎰╁妺濡叉劕螖閻橀潧浠滄い鎴濐樀瀵偊宕掗悙鏉戠檮婵犮垼娉涢ˇ浼存儓韫囨稒鈷掑ù锝囩摂閸ゆ瑥螖閻樼櫥褰掓晝閵忊剝缍囬柕濠忕畱瀵潡姊洪崷顓℃闁哥喓鍠愬鍕箾閻愵剚鏉搁梻浣稿閸嬩線宕规繝姘櫖婵犻潧娲ㄧ粻楣冨级閸繂鈷旈柛鎺嶅嵆閺岀喓鍠婇崡鐐板枈濡炪們鍨洪幐鎼佹偩濠靛绀嬫い鎺戝€搁獮鍫ユ⒒娓氣偓濞佳勭仚闂佺ǹ瀛╂繛濠傜暦濞差亝鏅查柛銉到娴滅偓绻涢崼婵堜虎闁哄绋掗妵鍕敇閵忊剝鏆犳繛锝呮搐閿曨亪鐛弽銊﹀闁告縿鍎遍獮鎰版⒒娴e懙褰掑嫉椤掑嫭鍎楁い鏃€宕樻慨鍐裁归悩宸剱闁抽攱甯掗湁闁挎繂鎳忛崵鍫㈡喐閻楀牆绗掗悗姘槹閵囧嫰骞掗幋婵冨亾婵犳碍鍎楁繛鍡樻尰閻撴瑩寮堕崼鐔峰姢闁伙附绮撻弻鈩冩媴缁嬪簱鍋撻崸妤€钃熼柕濞炬櫆閸嬪棝鏌涚仦鍓р槈妞ゅ骏鎷�
首页 > 研发问答 > 微波和射频技术 > 天线设计和射频技术 > How to de-couple feed cable for measurements of electrically small wide band antenna?

How to de-couple feed cable for measurements of electrically small wide band antenna?

时间:04-05 整理:3721RD 点击:
How to de-couple feed cable for measurements of electrically small wide band antenna?

I normally use bazooka-type coaxial balun to decouple feed cable. In this project bandwidth is large (0.85 - 2.1 GHz) and bazooka balun does not have the required bandwidth to cover the band. Plus antenna assembly is pretty small, significantly less then the choke will be at low frequencies.

I thought to use ferrite beads but they absorb energy, I see it with NA.

Did anybody encountered this problem?

Thank you

This is a common problem in real measurements. You can be happy that nowadays ferrite is available that performs well in the GHz range. All these materials have relative low permeability (NiZn materials).

the approach is two step: leaving the structure where the common mode voltage is the lowest and use very thin cable with thight fitting ferrite cores around the cable. the goal is to get a very high common mode impedance so that the remaining common mode current does not interfere with the radiation pattern.

Route the cable to the point of lowest voltage on the antenna structure (mostly a ground plane, or current maximum), so that the common voltage on the cable is as low as possible. Then let the cable leave the antenna. You may simulate the antenna to find a current maximum on the ground plane or other structure.

Use a small size cable (diameter).

To raise the common mode impedance of the cable, you may use low permeability ferrite cores that have a tight fit around the cable. Thin cable enables you to use small ferrites with relative large Douter/Dinner ratio (as that matters).

if you have a very low permeability material that performs well on 2 GHz, but not at 0.8 GHz. you may use that ferrite core together with a core with somewhat higher permeability, so that you get a high common mode impedance over your full frequency range. The ferrite with the best perfomance at the highest frequency range is closest to the antenna.

Using many small cores further increases the common mode impedance.

and you do not want to use a tiny smt balun from someone like minicircuits for what reason?

another method might be to make a tiny vco, attach it to the antenna, sweep the frequency, and record the transmitted power with a calibrated receive antenna

Thank you for your replies gentlemen.

It is clear that currents will be induced on a cable in proximity to an antenna even it is electrically entirely unrelated to antenna circuit - this is the nature of electromagnetic waves. Covering section of coax with ferrites reduces induced currents effectively yet ferrites absorb electrical energy. I see it if I place ferrites close to radiating antenna radiation level drops.

The idea of making battery powered oscillator conceptually is awesome however it's size will be close to size of my antenna, I need it to be tunable within 0.85 - 2 GHz and - the main drawback - I can not measure impedance of my antenna this way. Using Network Analyzer for antenna work is very convenient.

>> ... use a tiny smt balun ...
this would be my preferred solution. However I still struggle to understand if such device indeed decouple my coaxial cable. Especially the ones rated to 2 GHz - called Guanella Baluns.
In Ham literature they are called Current baluns and recommended for decoupling cables at lower frequencies. However I struggle to understand why would they stop the currents from running back over coaxial shield.
Any insights if this is the device that would decouple the feed cable?

I design and measure wide band antennas in the range 700-2700 MHz. For anechoic chamber measurement, how to route measurement cable in a good way, not interfering the radiation measurement, is seldom a big problem and more or less do it exist a branch standard rules how it should be performed.
Cellphone manufacturer do often require its subcontractors that measurement should be done in a way that they then can verify result in their own anechoic chamber.
Ferrite filled coaxial-cable in measurement area, ~300 mm, routing cable perpendicular to PCB and normally in the middle of PCB if antenna is placed at short end of PCB. PCB/ground length is typical 50-150 mm. Never let the cable leave PCB in opposite end of antenna location.
Depending on situation can different types of ferrite material be required. Also sleeve balun is used sometimes. They are narrow band but as most measurements are performed narrow-band, one frequency band per measurement, even for wide band antenna, is it no problem.
Here can you find some of the equipment I use: http://www.antune.net/calibration.html

Worst problem so far have been with a headset add-on receiver. narrow band 863 MHz. As main board was 7 by 7 mm in size was it very complicated to measure antenna radiation pattern without affecting result with measurement cable.
At a such long wavelength in combination with short a mainboard PCB was correct routing of the cable very critical. The routing had to start with a ferrite covered cable very close to the antenna and finding a neutral angel to leave PCB. Cable was directly routed thru a SAM.

闂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹閹间礁纾归柟闂寸绾惧綊鏌熼梻瀵割槮缁炬儳缍婇弻鐔兼⒒鐎靛壊妲紒鐐劤缂嶅﹪寮婚悢鍏尖拻閻庨潧澹婂Σ顔剧磼閻愵剙鍔ょ紓宥咃躬瀵鎮㈤崗灏栨嫽闁诲酣娼ф竟濠偽i鍓х<闁诡垎鍐f寖闂佺娅曢幑鍥灳閺冨牆绀冩い蹇庣娴滈箖鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏嚬缂併劌銈搁弻鐔兼儌閸濄儳袦闂佸搫鐭夌紞渚€銆佸鈧幃娆撳箹椤撶噥妫ч梻鍌欑窔濞佳兾涘▎鎴炴殰闁圭儤顨愮紞鏍ㄧ節闂堟侗鍎愰柡鍛叀閺屾稑鈽夐崡鐐差潻濡炪們鍎查懝楣冨煘閹寸偛绠犻梺绋匡攻椤ㄥ棝骞堥妸鈺傚€婚柦妯侯槺閿涙稑鈹戦悙鏉戠亶闁瑰磭鍋ゅ畷鍫曨敆娴i晲缂撶紓鍌欑椤戝懘鎮樺┑瀣€垫い鎾跺枍缁诲棝鏌曢崼婵堢闁告帊鍗抽弻娑㈡偆娴i晲绨界紓渚囧枦椤曆囧煡婢跺á鐔荤疀閹惧墎楔闂佽桨鐒﹂崝娆忕暦閵娾晩鏁婇悹渚厛閺€銊х磽閸屾艾鈧绮堟笟鈧、鏍礋椤栨稑娈戦梺鍛婃尫閻掞箓锝為弴銏$厵闁硅鍔﹂崵娆戠棯閹冩倯闁逛究鍔岄~婊堝幢濡も偓楠炲姊虹粙娆惧剱闁圭懓娲獮鍐ㄢ堪閸喎娈熼梺闈涱槶閸庮噣宕戦幘璇查敜婵°倓鑳堕崣鍡涙⒑閸濆嫭澶勬慨妯稿姂瀹曟繂顓兼径瀣幍闂佸憡鍔樼亸娆撴倿閸涘﹥鍙忓┑鐘插鐢盯鏌熷畡鐗堝殗鐎规洏鍔嶇换婵嬪磼濞戞瑧鏆梻鍌氬€峰ù鍥х暦閻㈢ǹ绐楅柛鈩冪☉绾惧潡鏌熼幆鐗堫棄缂佺姵鐓¢弻鏇$疀閺囩儐鈧本绻涚粭鍝勫闁哄苯绉烽¨渚€鏌涢幘瀵告噰妞ゃ垺宀搁弫鎰板幢濞嗘垹妲囨繝娈垮枟閿曗晠宕㈤崗鑲╊洸婵犲﹤鎳愮壕濂告煟閹伴潧澧い搴㈢矊椤啰鈧稒蓱閸婃劗鈧鍠楅悡锟犮€佸Δ鍛妞ゆ垼濮ょ€氬ジ姊绘担鍛婅础閺嬵亝绻涢幘顕呮缂侇喖顭烽獮妯尖偓闈涙憸椤旀洟鏌i悩鍙夊巶闁告侗鍘奸悡鍌炴⒑鏉炴壆顦﹂柣妤€锕ョ粚杈ㄧ節閸ヮ灛褔鏌涘☉鍗炴灈婵炲懌鍊濆铏圭矙濞嗘儳鍓梺鍛婃尰缁诲嫰骞戦姀鐘斀闁搞儮鏅濋惁鍫ユ⒑缁嬫寧婀扮紒瀣灥閳诲秹鏁愰崪浣瑰瘜闂侀潧鐗嗙换鎺楀礆娴煎瓨鐓忛柛顐ゅ枑閸婃劖顨ラ悙鎻掓殲缂佸倹甯為埀顒婄到閻忔岸寮查鈧埞鎴︽倷閺夋垹浠搁柦鍐憾閹綊宕堕埡浣锋濠殿喖锕ㄥ▍锝夊箯閻樿鐏抽柧蹇e亞娴滃爼姊绘担钘夊惞闁革綇闄勬穱濠囧炊椤掆偓缁犳煡鏌曡箛鏇炐涢柡鈧禒瀣€甸柨婵嗙凹缁ㄤ粙鏌涙繝鍕槐婵﹥妞藉Λ鍐归妶鍡欐创鐎规洘锕㈡俊鎼佸Ψ椤旇棄鏋犳繝鐢靛Х閺佸憡鎱ㄩ悜钘夋瀬闁告稑锕ラ崣蹇涙煟閹达絾顥夐柡瀣╃窔閺岀喖姊荤€靛壊妲紒鐐礃椤濡甸崟顖氬唨妞ゆ劦婢€缁爼姊虹紒妯虹瑨闁诲繑宀告俊鐢稿礋椤栨氨顔婇梺鐟扮摠缁诲秵绂掗懖鈺冪<闁绘劦鍓欓崝銈嗐亜椤撶姴鍘寸€殿喖顭烽幃銏ゆ偂鎼达綆妲堕柣鐔哥矊缁绘帡寮灏栨闁靛骏绱曢崢浠嬫⒑鐟欏嫬鍔ゆい鏇ㄥ幖鐓ら柟缁㈠枟閻撴瑦銇勯弮鍌滄憘婵炲牊绮撻弻鈩冩媴閻熸澘顫嶉梺璇″灡濡啴宕规ィ鍐╁殤妞ゆ帊鐒﹀▍锕€鈹戦悩鍨毄濠殿噮鍙冮獮蹇涘礃椤旇偐顦ㄥ銈呯箰閸熺増銇欓幎鑺モ拻濞撴埃鍋撻柍褜鍓氱粙鎾诲煘閹烘鐓曢柡鍌濇硶鑲栭梺鐟扮畭閸ㄥ綊鍩為幋鐘亾閿濆簼绨荤紒鎰☉椤啴濡堕崱妯碱槬闂佺懓鍟跨粔鐟扮暦椤愨懡鏃堝川椤旇瀚藉┑鐐舵彧缁蹭粙骞夐敍鍕闁跨喓濮甸悡娆撴煣韫囷絽浜濋悘蹇曟暬閺屽秷顧侀柛鎾磋壘椤繈濡搁敂鑺ョ彿濠德板€撻懗鍫曞煘瀹ュ應鏀介柣妯哄级閹兼劗绱掗悩鍨殌闂囧鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏闁逞屽厸缁瑦淇婇幖浣哥厸闁稿本绮屽鎶芥⒒娴e憡鎯堥柛鐔哄█瀹曟垿骞樼紒妯煎幈闁硅壈鎻槐鏇㈡晬瀹ュ洨纾奸弶鍫氭櫅娴犺鲸顨ラ悙鏉戠瑨閾绘牕霉閿濆懎绾ч悗姘矙濮婄粯鎷呴崨闈涚秺瀵敻顢楅崟顒€浠梺闈浥堥弲娑氱矆閸屾壕鍋撻崗澶婁壕闂佸憡娲﹂崜娑㈠储閻㈠憡鈷戦柟顖嗗嫮顩伴梺绋款儏閹冲酣鎮惧畡鎵殕闁逞屽墴閸┾偓妞ゆ帒鍠氬ḿ鎰箾閸欏鐭掔€殿噮鍋嗛幏鐘差啅椤斿吋顓垮┑鐐差嚟婵挳顢栭幇鏉挎瀬闁搞儺鍓氶悡鐔兼煙闁箑寮鹃柛鐔风箻閺屾盯鎮欓崹顐f瘓濠殿喖锕︾划顖炲箯閸涘瓨鍤嶉柕澹讲鍋撴繝鍥ㄢ拺闂傚牃鏅濈粔鍓佺磼閻樿櫕宕岄柣娑卞枦缁犳稑鈽夊▎鎰仧闂備浇娉曢崳锕傚箯閿燂拷...


The part besides the hearing aid is the receiver. The three-pin connection is a standard. In the hearing-aid are all these three pins isolated with both coils and ferrite as standard. That is bad from antenna view as it else had extended the small ground-plane.
Final product which includes receiver and antenna was housed in a volume of 7*7*7 mm.

Great thank you for your commentaries it is very useful to me. I wish to hear more. At the same time let me share concerns regarding using ferrites to decouple feed cable.
We are all aware that ferrite absorbs EM energy. It is not always clear how effectively ferrites do it. To demonstrate I conduct simple experiment you can easily repeat.
1. I construct a dipole. I tune it to 2.48 GHz. I add coaxial feed cable with no choke or any other means to de-couple it. I add feed cable accurately in the middle of the dipole and orthogonally to dipole’s electrodes. This way my coaxial cable carries very little current, it does not need to be decoupled. I demonstrate this by measuring patterns of my dipole: my co-polarized pattern shows perfectly balanced undisturbed donut shape; my orthogonally polarized measurement shows levels 25 – 30 dB below co-polarized measurement. These are my proves that very little current runs on the outside of my coaxial feed cable.
2. Now I can add coaxial choke if I want. I can tune the choke to required resonant frequency by observing that the resonance of my dipole does not shift. I can re-do radiation plots and show that radiation levels remain exactly the same. My choke does not do any useful work in this configuration but it does not offset resonant frequency of the structure neither it absorbs any energy.
3. Now I install ferrite choke instead. I use standard ferrite of the type that clamps on cables. Package size 32x22x22 mm, called NF-100. Two things happen:
I lose lots of power. I see it in pattern measurement or from simple boresight point measurement. When my ferrite choke installed ~4 mm away from the dipole electrodes I lose 2.5 dB on the boresight.
The resonant frequency as I see it on S11 plot goes up. In configuration described above S11 dip shifted from 2.48 GHz to 2.58 GHz.

I conclude that ferrite choke on feed cable skews antenna characterisation results.
Am I wrong in my experiments or reasoning? If I am please advise where.

If not I would be very hesitant using ferrites to decouple feed cables. I am aware that using ferrite chokes is method recommended by cellular carrier acceptance bodies but this does not mean the results are correct. Moreover such practices put antenna developer in disadvantage: ferrites on our cables rob us from radiating power we trying to retain.

Hence the question: are there any other convenient ways to de-couple feed cable in broadband measurements? Tomorrow I will try balun transformer see how that works.

Do find it confusing if a unbalanced dipole at resonance frequency (no img. part) shows up as as balanced. That is for several reasons, but a simple dipole construction will most likely show up as something 60-70 Ohm=> It will cause reflections. It is possible to tune it for a lower impedance by for example increasing wire thickness but if that tuning is done in an unbalanced setup, is that exactly what you get.
It is then not possible to add any balun afterwards as that will detune the antenna due to that measurement cable is a part of the antenna.

Big ferrite-clamps is not the right tool for a small 2.4 GHz antenna. NF-100 is however relative less useful at these frequencies. Peak absorption around 300-500 MHz. Select another ferrite material and it will affect the antenna even worse.
Check the link above where I show my measurement cables. It is the thin coaxial cables filled with 20-30 small ferrite tubes that have a more reasonable size. They will not affect your measurement even if used all the way up to the antenna feeding point.
My smallest ferrite tubes have a diameter of less then 2 mm. Do use different tube material depending on frequency range.
I also use ferrite clamps of the size you is using, have plenty of them around the semi-rigid fixed measurement cables and thicker coaxial-cables connected to instruments, mostly just in case, but the cable to which I connect DUT at turntable have a lot of them due to that I not want it to be visible as a secondary radiator in the chamber.
It is however hard to get hold on ferrite clamps that is effective at 2+ GHz. If data sheet only cover up to 500 MHz, select something else as clamp for 2 GHz.
If space allows it, is often advantage to use several ferrites and sometimes also mix different materials. A ferrite is not an absolute block for unbalanced current, it is just a serial resistor that successive absorbs these currents.

This is a bit basic knowledge if you are in this business. It is simple to verify just by measuring resulting polarization pattern for different setups, just as you did.
But if I had got your result, had I spent a day on checking chamber calibration with known antenna references.
It exist exceptions from these general rules, such as when ground not really behaves as ground or that ground have an unlucky size. As that also result in an ineffective antenna is it probably not an antenna design the customer want to have anyway, so that is more or less hypothetical cases.
It exist a lot of reports that have investigated this matter in smallest detail. A good start can be Espoo University website and search for publications around "measurement of small antennas".

Regarding absorption of ferrites.

If you have a half wave resonating dipole with an impedance of around 50 Ohms, the voltage divides equally. So you can split the 50 Ohms into 2, 25 Ohms resistors in series with each dipole element. The common mode voltage as seen by the braid is half the input voltage.

One element is connected to the braid of the cable. When you add a ferrite that shows 500 + j0 Ohms impedance, there is some absorption, but this is in the 3% range (< 0.2 dB).

If you have a small structure and significant common mode current is present at the feed line, this may be the main contributor to the radiated power. So it isn't strange that after adding the ferrites the radiation is less and the antenna's input impedance is completely different (after adding the ferrites).

If your application allows, you may post a picture.

Another problem with (small) structures can be that the input impedance is relatively low, but the common mode voltage component is high. This happens for example in half wave resonating structures, but the feed is not in the middle (for example an off-center fed half wave dipole, or non-balanced small loop antenna). The common mode voltage can be significantly higher then the actual feed voltage. In my opinion, measurement in such cases approaches impossible.

Example given below:

闂傚倸鍊搁崐鎼佸磹閹间礁纾归柟闂寸绾惧綊鏌熼梻瀵割槮缁炬儳缍婇弻鐔兼⒒鐎靛壊妲紒鐐劤缂嶅﹪寮婚悢鍏尖拻閻庨潧澹婂Σ顔剧磼閻愵剙鍔ょ紓宥咃躬瀵鎮㈤崗灏栨嫽闁诲酣娼ф竟濠偽i鍓х<闁诡垎鍐f寖闂佺娅曢幑鍥灳閺冨牆绀冩い蹇庣娴滈箖鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏嚬缂併劌銈搁弻鐔兼儌閸濄儳袦闂佸搫鐭夌紞渚€銆佸鈧幃娆撳箹椤撶噥妫ч梻鍌欑窔濞佳兾涘▎鎴炴殰闁圭儤顨愮紞鏍ㄧ節闂堟侗鍎愰柡鍛叀閺屾稑鈽夐崡鐐差潻濡炪們鍎查懝楣冨煘閹寸偛绠犻梺绋匡攻椤ㄥ棝骞堥妸鈺傚€婚柦妯侯槺閿涙稑鈹戦悙鏉戠亶闁瑰磭鍋ゅ畷鍫曨敆娴i晲缂撶紓鍌欑椤戝懘鎮樺┑瀣€垫い鎾跺枍缁诲棝鏌曢崼婵堢闁告帊鍗抽弻娑㈡偆娴i晲绨界紓渚囧枦椤曆囧煡婢跺á鐔荤疀閹惧墎楔闂佽桨鐒﹂崝娆忕暦閵娾晩鏁婇悹渚厛閺€銊х磽閸屾艾鈧绮堟笟鈧、鏍礋椤栨稑娈戦梺鍛婃尫閻掞箓锝為弴銏$厵闁硅鍔﹂崵娆戠棯閹冩倯闁逛究鍔岄~婊堝幢濡も偓楠炲姊虹粙娆惧剱闁圭懓娲獮鍐ㄢ堪閸喎娈熼梺闈涱槶閸庮噣宕戦幘璇查敜婵°倓鑳堕崣鍡涙⒑閸濆嫭澶勬慨妯稿姂瀹曟繂顓兼径瀣幍闂佸憡鍔樼亸娆撴倿閸涘﹥鍙忓┑鐘插鐢盯鏌熷畡鐗堝殗鐎规洏鍔嶇换婵嬪磼濞戞瑧鏆梻鍌氬€峰ù鍥х暦閻㈢ǹ绐楅柛鈩冪☉绾惧潡鏌熼幆鐗堫棄缂佺姵鐓¢弻鏇$疀閺囩儐鈧本绻涚粭鍝勫闁哄苯绉烽¨渚€鏌涢幘瀵告噰妞ゃ垺宀搁弫鎰板幢濞嗘垹妲囨繝娈垮枟閿曗晠宕㈤崗鑲╊洸婵犲﹤鎳愮壕濂告煟閹伴潧澧い搴㈢矊椤啰鈧稒蓱閸婃劗鈧鍠楅悡锟犮€佸Δ鍛妞ゆ垼濮ょ€氬ジ姊绘担鍛婅础閺嬵亝绻涢幘顕呮缂侇喖顭烽獮妯尖偓闈涙憸椤旀洟鏌i悩鍙夊巶闁告侗鍘奸悡鍌炴⒑鏉炴壆顦﹂柣妤€锕ョ粚杈ㄧ節閸ヮ灛褔鏌涘☉鍗炴灈婵炲懌鍊濆铏圭矙濞嗘儳鍓梺鍛婃尰缁诲嫰骞戦姀鐘斀闁搞儮鏅濋惁鍫ユ⒑缁嬫寧婀扮紒瀣灥閳诲秹鏁愰崪浣瑰瘜闂侀潧鐗嗙换鎺楀礆娴煎瓨鐓忛柛顐ゅ枑閸婃劖顨ラ悙鎻掓殲缂佸倹甯為埀顒婄到閻忔岸寮查鈧埞鎴︽倷閺夋垹浠搁柦鍐憾閹綊宕堕埡浣锋濠殿喖锕ㄥ▍锝夊箯閻樿鐏抽柧蹇e亞娴滃爼姊绘担钘夊惞闁革綇闄勬穱濠囧炊椤掆偓缁犳煡鏌曡箛鏇炐涢柡鈧禒瀣€甸柨婵嗙凹缁ㄤ粙鏌涙繝鍕槐婵﹥妞藉Λ鍐归妶鍡欐创鐎规洘锕㈡俊鎼佸Ψ椤旇棄鏋犳繝鐢靛Х閺佸憡鎱ㄩ悜钘夋瀬闁告稑锕ラ崣蹇涙煟閹达絾顥夐柡瀣╃窔閺岀喖姊荤€靛壊妲紒鐐礃椤濡甸崟顖氬唨妞ゆ劦婢€缁爼姊虹紒妯虹瑨闁诲繑宀告俊鐢稿礋椤栨氨顔婇梺鐟扮摠缁诲秵绂掗懖鈺冪<闁绘劦鍓欓崝銈嗐亜椤撶姴鍘寸€殿喖顭烽幃銏ゆ偂鎼达綆妲堕柣鐔哥矊缁绘帡寮灏栨闁靛骏绱曢崢浠嬫⒑鐟欏嫬鍔ゆい鏇ㄥ幖鐓ら柟缁㈠枟閻撴瑦銇勯弮鍌滄憘婵炲牊绮撻弻鈩冩媴閻熸澘顫嶉梺璇″灡濡啴宕规ィ鍐╁殤妞ゆ帊鐒﹀▍锕€鈹戦悩鍨毄濠殿噮鍙冮獮蹇涘礃椤旇偐顦ㄥ銈呯箰閸熺増銇欓幎鑺モ拻濞撴埃鍋撻柍褜鍓氱粙鎾诲煘閹烘鐓曢柡鍌濇硶鑲栭梺鐟扮畭閸ㄥ綊鍩為幋鐘亾閿濆簼绨荤紒鎰☉椤啴濡堕崱妯碱槬闂佺懓鍟跨粔鐟扮暦椤愨懡鏃堝川椤旇瀚藉┑鐐舵彧缁蹭粙骞夐敍鍕闁跨喓濮甸悡娆撴煣韫囷絽浜濋悘蹇曟暬閺屽秷顧侀柛鎾磋壘椤繈濡搁敂鑺ョ彿濠德板€撻懗鍫曞煘瀹ュ應鏀介柣妯哄级閹兼劗绱掗悩鍨殌闂囧鏌ㄥ┑鍡欏闁逞屽厸缁瑦淇婇幖浣哥厸闁稿本绮屽鎶芥⒒娴e憡鎯堥柛鐔哄█瀹曟垿骞樼紒妯煎幈闁硅壈鎻槐鏇㈡晬瀹ュ洨纾奸弶鍫氭櫅娴犺鲸顨ラ悙鏉戠瑨閾绘牕霉閿濆懎绾ч悗姘矙濮婄粯鎷呴崨闈涚秺瀵敻顢楅崟顒€浠梺闈浥堥弲娑氱矆閸屾壕鍋撻崗澶婁壕闂佸憡娲﹂崜娑㈠储閻㈠憡鈷戦柟顖嗗嫮顩伴梺绋款儏閹冲酣鎮惧畡鎵殕闁逞屽墴閸┾偓妞ゆ帒鍠氬ḿ鎰箾閸欏鐭掔€殿噮鍋嗛幏鐘差啅椤斿吋顓垮┑鐐差嚟婵挳顢栭幇鏉挎瀬闁搞儺鍓氶悡鐔兼煙闁箑寮鹃柛鐔风箻閺屾盯鎮欓崹顐f瘓濠殿喖锕︾划顖炲箯閸涘瓨鍤嶉柕澹讲鍋撴繝鍥ㄢ拺闂傚牃鏅濈粔鍓佺磼閻樿櫕宕岄柣娑卞枦缁犳稑鈽夊▎鎰仧闂備浇娉曢崳锕傚箯閿燂拷...



Here the highest voltage is on the battery powered unit. The position where the cable leaves the structure was first determined based on EM simulation. The antenna was extended to get additional inductance. Using the PCB ground of the actual unit as ground for the coaxial feed gave bad results. Ferrite selection was done based on material and measurement with VNA.

I completely agree with the explanation WimRFP has given in this regard, although you probably may not like it. My criterion for an effective cable isolation is that moving the ferrite beads by a small amount doesn't change S11 any more.

The other question that should be considered is if measuring the isolated antenna on it's own corresponds to the actual application situation. I presume there will be a transmitter or transceiver of finite size that becomes part of the antenna in real live. So it's more realistic to measure the antenna with the transmiter board or a substitute.

Lots to learn here, thank you for your comments. please advice which ferrites to use in 1 - 2 GHz range and where to get them. I do not see anything resonant that high in Digi-Key catalog. What type of ferrite material this would be (in common cases ferrite material coded as two digits: like 43, 61 type). If you give me part numbers that fit on RG405 smi-rigid coax and where to buy them it would be the best.
How to empirically determine place on radiating structure to exit the cable?

A quick google search: http://www.ferrishield.com/html/ferr...avecables.html
TOKO, TDK, Fair-Rite or Lairdtech do all have a a good assortment of different kinds of ferrite material.
A development kit from Fair-Rite is a good start as they also have reasonable good data sheets.
Many ferrite materials that peaks at 1 GHz are still acceptable at 2 GHz. Especially if cable routing allows use of several ferrites before measurement cable start act as an extension of existing groundplane. It is up to you and your customer requirement what is accepted as "good enough".
Connect a cable anywhere along PCB, except at opposite end of where antenna is placed, as that always is a more or less hot area. Measure S11 and check where a finger can touch PCB and have minimal effect on measured impedance. That is a good point to place your measurement cable.
That "best place" can be frequency depending!

WimRFP example, when mainboard length only is a fraction of a wavelength is complicate for anyone to measure at. I agree with his discussion.

if you have a balanced antenna, like a dipole or loop, then something like this is to be used.

http://www.minicircuits.com/pdfs/NCS1-222-75+.pdf

there will be no direct currents on the coax shield because...there is no connection between the coax shield and the antenna. The coax shield is at zero volts, while the two terminals of the antenna are driven + and in voltage in a balance way. the coax shield will just act like any other metal piece "in the area".

Today I experimented with higher frequency ferrites. I used part Laird HFB075024-000 - the highest frequency ferrite available from Digi-Key. They are not particularly high frequency - resonant at some 800 MHz. Fair Rite offers parts with resonance above 1 GHz but it will take time to get it. I placed string of ferrites on feed cable of my dipole.
This type of ferrites do not result in visible losses just as you said. I observed the action of these ferrites manifested in reduced cross-polar radiation of the dipole. With the ferrites I used it tapers off at some 1.6 GHz. Pretty good.
I also tried transformer (part CX2156 by Pulse). Using transformer results in insertion loss which is frequency dependent. Transformer results in better choking action at high frequency (it is rated to 2.7 GHz). With transformer I could not make the dipole's impedance to look exactly the same as without. I calibrated NA at the output of the transformer and still it was different. Also with transformer feed structure becomes more difficult to make.
My overall conclusion: ferrites is a way to go. I just need to find real high frequency ones.
I want to thank everybody who contributed to this discussion. I learned something new in last two days.

Copyright © 2017-2020 微波EDA网 版权所有

网站地图

Top