loop antenna radiation pattern

Hi all!
I'm designing a small circular loop antenna (single turn) in CST MWS.I'm just very confused about the radiation pattern i'm getting. I've been reading in textbooks that the radiation pattern of the loop antenna is like a dipole and must be in the plane of the antenna, i.e. the direction of the max radiation is NOT through the loop. But what i'm getting is the exact opposite.I've attached a printscreen of it in the pdf file below.

Also, to satisfy the small loop condition, I designed it so that its diameter is lambda/10: f=1GHz=>Lambda=300mm=>radius=15mm
but somehow the resonant frequency is at about 2.7GHz?

I tried increasing the dimensions, so that the resonant frequency is reduced.It did, but it never obeyed the lambda/10 rule(it was not what i expected to be). For example for a radius of 47mm, the resonant frequency is 875MHz.

Any help is greatly appreciated.

Cheers
pari

hi there

can you upload your model?so that people can figure out any problem with your simulation model and setup

regards

hello Pzak ..
If we assume that you modeled your antenna correct. I think you are getting a correct result. Circular loop indeed generate a axial beam which is what you are getting. There are some papers which explains this phenomenon. It mainly depends upon the radius of loop and resonant frequency.

Regards
Praful