基于S3C2410平台移植Linux 2.6内核指南

安装交叉编译工具
Ø 下载交叉编译工具
（本文默认所有软件均下载在用户主目录下）
arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1 —— 编译内核
URL: ftp://ftp.handhelds.org/projects/toolchain/arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1.tar.bz2
Ø 安装
//将压缩包移动至根目录下
#mv arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1.tar.bz2 /
//解压，默认路径为 /usr/local/arm /3.4.1
#tar jxvf arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1.tar.gz2
下载Linux内核
Ø 下载Linux 2.6.14.1内核
URL: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.14.1.tar.bz2
Ø 解压内核
#cd ~
#tar jxvf linux-2.6.14.1.tar.bz2
建立环境变量
Ø 将交叉编译工具路径和内核路径加入环境变量
#vi ~/.bashrc
export KERNEL=~/linux-2.6.14.1
export PATH=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin:$PATH
内核移植
Ø 为Flash进行分区
启动开发板，进入vivi，对vivi进行分区操作
vivi>bon part 0 128k 192k 2240k 5312k:m 64704k
分区信息如下所示：
分区 起始地址 分区大小 分区作用
Part0 0x0 0x00020000 (128k) bootloader
Part1 0x00020000 0x00010000 (64k) bootloader params
Part2 0x00030000 0x00200000 (2m) linux kernel
Part3 0x00230000 0x00300000 (3m) root filesystem
Part4 0x00530000 0x03A00000 (58m) yaffs filesystem

将vivi写进Flash
vivi>load flash vivi x
Ø 修改Makefile
#vi $KERNEL/Makefile
找到ARCH与CROSS_COMPILE，修改为
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
Ø 将分区信息加入内核
#vi $KERNEL/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c
添加头文件：
#include
#include
#include
添加分区结构：
static struct mtd_partition partition_info[]={
{
name: "loader", //分区名字，任意
size: 0x00020000, //分区大小
offset: 0x0, //分区的起始地址，相对于0x0的偏移
},{
name: "param",
size: 0x00010000,
offset: 0x00020000,
},{
name: "kernel",
size: 0x00200000,
offset: 0x00030000,
},{
name: "rootfs",
size: 0x00300000,
offset: 0x00230000,
},{
name: "yaffs",
size: 0x03A00000,
offset: 0x00530000,
}
};

struct s3c2410_nand_set nandset={
nr_partitions: 5, //分区数量
partitions: partition_info, //分区表
};
struct s3c2410_platform_nand superlpplatform={
//NAND Flash芯片支持
//参数意义可参考S3C2410手册
tacls: 0,
twrph0: 30,
twrph1: 0,
sets: &nandset,
nr_sets: 1,
};
修改s3c_device_nand，以加入NAND Flash驱动：
struct platform_device s3c_device_nand = {
.name = "s3c2410-nand", //设备名称
.id = -1, //有效设备编号，-1表示唯一设备
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_nand_resource), //寄存器区的个数
.resource = s3c_nand_resource, //寄存器区的首地址
//添加如下信息，表示NAND Flash设备
.dev={
.platform_data=&superlpplatform
}
};
Ø 指定启动时的设备初始化
#vi $KERNEL/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c
修改：
static struct platform_device *smdk2410_devices[] __initdata = {
s3c_device_usb,
s3c_device_lcd,
s3c_device_wdt,
s3c_device_i2c,
s3c_device_iis,
//添加如下信息
s3c_device_nand,
};
Ø 禁止Flash ECC效验
内核通过vivi把数据写入NAND Flash，而vivi的ECC效验算法和内核的不同，内核的效验码是由NAND Flash控制器产生的，所以在此必须禁用NAND Flash ECC。
#vi $KERNEL/drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c
找到s3c2410_nand_init_chip函数，将chip->eccmode的值修改为：
NAND_ECC_NONE
Yaffs2加载
Ø 下载Yaffs2
URL: http://www.aleph1.co.uk/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/yaffs2.tar.gz?view=tar
Ø 解压Yaffs2并将其加入Linux内核
#cd ~
#tar zxvf yaffs2.tar.gz
#cd yaffs2
#sh patch-ker.sh c $KERNEL
内核配置（.config）与编译
Ø 内核配置（基于$KERNEL/arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig）
（见附录）
Ø 编译内核
#make zImage
修改根文件系统
在宿主机上进入目录/arm2410s（博创2410-s平台提供），该目录下的root目录就是一个制作好的根文件系统。在此基础上，我们要对root/etc/fstab分区配置文件进行修改，用来挂载Yaffs文件系统。
#vi /arm2410s/root/etc/fstab
找到yaffs，修改为：
/dev/mtdblock/4 /mnt/yaffs yaffs defaults 1 1
然后制作根文件系统镜像。
#mkcramfs root root.cramfs
安装内核和根文件系统
Ø 将编译好的内核2.6.14.1写入Flash
vivi>load kernel x
Ø 将制作的根文件系统root.cramfs写入Flash
vivi>load root x
Ø 修改vivi启动参数
vivi>param set linux_cmd_line “noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200”
vivi>param save
Ø 重启开发板，完成工作。
附录：内核配置文件.config
#
# Automatically generated make config: dont edit
# Linux kernel version: 2.6.14.1
# Sat Aug 18 18:40:48 2007
#
CONFIG_ARM=y
CONFIG_MMU=y
CONFIG_UID16=y
CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP=y

# Code maturity level options
CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=y
CONFIG_CLEAN_COMPILE=y
CONFIG_BROKEN_ON_SMP=y

# General setup
CONFIG_LOCALVERSION=""
CONFIG_SWAP=y
CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y
# CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE is not set
# CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT is not set
CONFIG_SYSCTL=y
# CONFIG_AUDIT is not set
CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT=14
CONFIG_HOTPLUG=y
CONFIG_KOBJECT_UEVENT=y
# CONFIG_IKCONFIG is not set
# CONFIG_EMBEDDED is not set
CONFIG_KALLSYMS=y
# CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL is not set
# CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS is not set
CONFIG_FUTEX=y
CONFIG_EPOLL=y
CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y
CONFIG_SHMEM=y
CONFIG_CC_ALIGN_FUNCTIONS=0
CONFIG_CC_ALIGN_LABELS=0
CONFIG_CC_ALIGN_LOOPS=0
CONFIG_CC_ALIGN_JUMPS=0
# CONFIG_TINY_SHMEM is not set

# Loadable module support
CONFIG_MODULES=y
# CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD is not set
CONFIG_OBSOLETE_MODPARM=y
# CONFIG_MODVERSIONS is not set
# CONFIG_MODULE_SRCVERSION_ALL is not set
CONFIG_KMOD=y

# System Type
# CONFIG_ARCH_CLPS7500 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_CLPS711X is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_CO285 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_EBSA110 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_CAMELOT is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_FOOTBRIDGE is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_INTEGRATOR is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_IOP3XX is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_IXP4XX is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_IXP2000 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_L7200 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_PXA is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_RPC is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_SA1100 is not set
CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410=y
# CONFIG_ARCH_SHARK is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_LH7A40X is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_VERSATILE is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_IMX is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_H720X is not set

# S3C24XX Implementations
# CONFIG_ARCH_BAST is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_H1940 is not set
CONFIG_ARCH_SMDK2410=y
# CONFIG_MACH_VR1000 is not set
# CONFIG_MACH_RX3715 is not set
CONFIG_CPU_S3C2410=y

# S3C2410 Setup
CONFIG_S3C2410_DMA=y
# CONFIG_S3C2410_DMA_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_S3C2410_LOWLEVEL_UART_PORT=0

# Processor Type
CONFIG_CPU_32=y
CONFIG_CPU_ARM920T=y
CONFIG_CPU_32v4=y
CONFIG_CPU_ABRT_EV4T=y
CONFIG_CPU_CACHE_V4WT=y
CONFIG_CPU_CACHE_VIVT=y
CONFIG_CPU_COPY_V4WB=y
CONFIG_CPU_TLB_V4WBI=y

# Processor Features
CONFIG_ARM_THUMB=y
# CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE is not set
# CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE is not set
# CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH is not set

# General setup
CONFIG_ZBOOT_ROM_TEXT=0
CONFIG_ZBOOT_ROM_BSS=0
# CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL is not set

# PCCARD (PCMCIA/CardBus) support
# CONFIG_PCCARD is not set

# PC-card bridges

# At least one math emulation must be selected
CONFIG_FPE_NWFPE=y
# CONFIG_FPE_NWFPE_XP is not set
# CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE is not set
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_AOUT=y
# CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC is not set

# Generic Driver Options
CONFIG_STANDALONE=y
CONFIG_PREVENT_FIRMWARE_BUILD=y
# CONFIG_FW_LOADER is not set
# CONFIG_DEBUG_DRIVER is not set
# CONFIG_PM is not set
# CONFIG_PREEMPT is not set
# CONFIG_ARTHUR is not set
CONFIG_CMDLINE="noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP=y

# Parallel port support
# CONFIG_PARPORT is not set

# Memory Technology Devices (MTD)
CONFIG_MTD=y
# CONFIG_MTD_DEBUG is not set
CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS=y
# CONFIG_MTD_CONCAT is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_REDBOOT_PARTS is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_AFS_PARTS is not set

# User Modules And Translation Layers
CONFIG_MTD_CHAR=y
CONFIG_MTD_BLOCK=y
# CONFIG_FTL is not set
# CONFIG_NFTL is not set
# CONFIG_INFTL is not set

# RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers
CONFIG_MTD_CFI=y
# CONFIG_MTD_JEDECPROBE is not set
CONFIG_MTD_GEN_PROBE=y
# CONFIG_MTD_CFI_ADV_OPTIONS is not set
CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_1=y
CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_2=y
CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_4=y
# CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_8 is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_16 is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_MAP_BANK_WIDTH_32 is not set
CONFIG_MTD_CFI_I1=y
CONFIG_MTD_CFI_I2=y
# CONFIG_MTD_CFI_I4 is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_CFI_I8 is not set
CONFIG_MTD_CFI_INTELEXT=y
# CONFIG_MTD_CFI_AMDSTD is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_CFI_STAA is not set
CONFIG_MTD_CFI_UTIL=y
# CONFIG_MTD_RAM is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_ROM is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_ABSENT is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_XIP is not set

# Mapping drivers for chip access
# CONFIG_MTD_COMPLEX_MAPPINGS is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_PHYSMAP is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_ARM_INTEGRATOR is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_EDB7312 is not set

# Self-contained MTD device drivers
# CONFIG_MTD_SLRAM is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_PHRAM is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_MTDRAM is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_BLKMTD is not set
# CONFIG_MTD_BLOCK2MTD is not set

# Disk-On-Chip Device Drivers
# CONFIG_MTD_DO