基于stm32的can总线彻底研究
对标准数据帧过滤:
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh=(((u32)CAN_ID0<21)&0xFFFF0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow=(((u32)CAN_ID0<21)|CAN_ID_STD|CAN_RTR_DATA)&0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh=0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow=0xFFFF;
假如要对标准远程帧进行过滤,那么:
只需要将
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow=(((u32)CAN_ID0<21)|CAN_ID_STD|CAN_RTR_DATA)&0xFFFF;改成:
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow=(((u32)CAN_ID0<21)|CAN_ID_STD|CAN_RTR_REMOTE)&0xFFFF;
5、can总线的帧格式
数据帧格式:
远程帧格式:
6、can总线的逻辑电平
can总线的物理连接有两根线:CANH和CANL,以差分的形式输出。
(有的时候有地线,作为屏蔽线使用)
can总线的高电平3.5v,表示逻辑0
can总线的低电平1.5v,表示逻辑1
7、CAN总线的波特率计算
can时钟是RCC_APB1PeriphClock,要注意CAN时钟频率
CAN波特率=RCC_APB1PeriphClock/CAN_SJW CAN_BS1 CAN_BS2/CAN_Prescaler;
如果CAN时钟为8M,CAN_SJW=1,CAN_BS1=8,CAN_BS2=7,CAN_Prescaler=2
那么波特率就是=8M/(1 8 7)/2=250K
8、can总线的仲裁机制
根据仲裁来判断优先级:
(1)若在同一时刻,标准格式的报文与扩展格式的报文同时抢占总线,且它们的基础ID相同,则发标准格式的报文节点就会PK成功。这是因为扩展格式在基本ID后,紧接着是SRR位,与IDE位,且这两位都是隐性位。而在标准格式中,这两位分别对应的位为RTR与r1,其中RTR既可以为隐性位,也可以为显性位,,但是r1必须为显性位。由仲裁规则可以此时标准帧必定胜出。
(2)同理,如果在同一时刻,具有相同格式,且具有相同ID的数据帧与远程帧争夺总线控制权,那么数据帧必定胜出。因为RTR显性表示数据帧,隐性表示远程帧。
stm32的can总线的配置如下:
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_TTCM=DISABLE;//禁止时间触发通信模式
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_ABOM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_AWUM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_NART=DISABLE;//CAN报文只被发送1次,不管发送的结果如何(成功、出错或仲裁丢失)
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_RFLM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_TXFP=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_Mode=CAN_Mode_Normal;
//CAN_Mode_LoopBack
//CAN_Mode_Normal
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_SJW=CAN_SJW_1tq;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_BS1=CAN_BS1_5tq;//1--16
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_BS2=CAN_BS2_2tq;//1--8
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_Prescaler=2;
CAN_Init(&CAN_InitStructure);
/* CAN filter init */
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterNumber=0;//选择过滤器0
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMode=CAN_FilterMode_IdMask;//指定过滤器被设置为标识符屏蔽模式
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterScale=CAN_FilterScale_32bit;//给出过滤器位宽为32位
下面根据设置的参数不同来决定can总线can总线的配置情况:
1、对扩展数据帧进行过滤:(只接收扩展数据帧)
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh = (((u32)slave_id<3)&0xFFFF0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow = (((u32)slave_id<3)|CAN_ID_EXT|CAN_RTR_DATA)&0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh = 0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow = 0xFFFF;
(注:标准帧数据帧、标准远程帧和扩展远程帧均被过滤)
2、对扩展远程帧过滤:(只接收扩展远程帧)
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh = (((u32)slave_id<3)&0xFFFF0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow = (((u32)slave_id<3)|CAN_ID_EXT|CAN_RTR_REMOTE)&0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh = 0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow = 0xFFFF;
3、对标准远程帧过滤:(只接收标准远程帧)
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh = (((u32)slave_id<21)&0xffff0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow = (((u32)slave_id<21)|CAN_ID_STD|CAN_RTR_REMOTE)&0xffff;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh = 0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow = 0xFFFF;
4、对标准数据帧过滤:(只接收标准数据帧)
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh = (((u32)slave_id<21)&0xffff0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow = (((u32)slave_id<21)|CAN_ID_STD|CAN_RTR_DATA)&0xffff;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh = 0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow = 0xFFFF;
5、对扩展帧进行过滤:(扩展帧不会被过滤掉)
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh = (((u32)slave_id<3)&0xFFFF0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow = (((u32)slave_id<3)|CAN_ID_EXT)&0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh = 0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow = 0xFFFC;
6、对标准帧进行过滤:(标准帧不会被过滤掉)
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh = (((u32)slave_id<21)&0xffff0000)>>16;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow = (((u32)slave_id<21)|CAN_ID_STD)&0xffff;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh = 0xFFFF;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow = 0xFFFC;
注:slave_id为要过滤的id号。
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