ARM Linux内核驱动异常定位方法分析反汇编方式

最近在搞Atmel 的SAM9x25平台，Linux系统，用于工业设备。这也是我首次参与工业设备的研发。在调试Atmel SAM9x25的Linux串口设备的时候，发现无论是读还是写，都会产生异常。相关的异常信息如下：

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Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000
pgd = c0004000
[00000000] *pgd=00000000
Internal error: Oops: 17 [#1]
last sysfs file: /sys/devices/virtual/vc/vcsa1/dev
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 Not tainted (2.6.39 #1)
PC is at atmel_tasklet_func+0x110/0x69c
LR is at atmel_tasklet_func+0x10/0x69c
pc : [] lr : [] psr: 20000013
sp : c7825f50 ip : c045e0bc fp : 00000000
r10: c0456a80 r9 : 0000000a r8 : 00000000
r7 : c7874568 r6 : c045e0a8 r5 : 00000100 r4 : c045dfb4
r3 : 00000002 r2 : 00000ffc r1 : 00000001 r0 : 00000001
Flags: nzCv IRQs on FIQs on Mode SVC_32 ISA ARM Segment kernel
Control: 0005317f Table: 27aec000 DAC: 00000017
Process ksoftirqd/0 (pid: 3, stack limit = 0xc7824270)
Stack: (0xc7825f50 to 0xc7826000)
5f40: 00000100 c7824000 00000001 00000018
5f60: 0000000a c0456a80 c7825f84 00000000 00000100 c7824000 00000001 00000018
5f80: c0456a80 c0047b70 00000006 c0047650 c0432e50 00000000 c7824000 00000000
5fa0: 00000000 c0047938 00000000 00000000 00000000 c00479a0 c7825fd4 c7819f60
5fc0: 00000000 c0058c64 c00335f4 00000000 00000000 00000000 c7825fd8 c7825fd8
5fe0: 00000000 c7819f60 c0058be0 c00335f4 00000013 c00335f4 0c200050 fc3b9beb
[] (atmel_tasklet_func+0x110/0x69c) from [] (tasklet_action+0x80/0xe4)
[] (tasklet_action+0x80/0xe4) from [] (__do_softirq+0x74/0x104)
[] (__do_softirq+0x74/0x104) from [] (run_ksoftirqd+0x68/0x108)
[] (run_ksoftirqd+0x68/0x108) from [] (kthread+0x84/0x8c)
[] (kthread+0x84/0x8c) from [] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)
Code: 1a000002 e59f057c e59f157c ebfa416c (e5983000)
---[ end trace 6b8e1841ba3a56c9 ]---
Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
[] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xf0) from [] (panic+0x54/0x178)
[] (panic+0x54/0x178) from [] (die+0x17c/0x1bc)
[] (die+0x17c/0x1bc) from [] (__do_kernel_fault+0x64/0x84)
[] (__do_kernel_fault+0x64/0x84) from [] (do_page_fault+0x1b8/0x1cc)
[] (do_page_fault+0x1b8/0x1cc) from [] (do_DataAbort+0x38/0x9c)
[] (do_DataAbort+0x38/0x9c) from [] (__dabt_svc+0x4c/0x60)
Exception stack(0xc7825f08 to 0xc7825f50)
5f00: 00000001 00000001 00000ffc 00000002 c045dfb4 00000100
5f20: c045e0a8 c7874568 00000000 0000000a c0456a80 00000000 c045e0bc c7825f50
5f40:c01a4e30 c01a4f3020000013 ffffffff
[] (__dabt_svc+0x4c/0x60) from [] (atmel_tasklet_func+0x110/0x69c)
[] (atmel_tasklet_func+0x110/0x69c) from [] (tasklet_action+0x80/0xe4)
[] (tasklet_action+0x80/0xe4) from [] (__do_softirq+0x74/0x104)
[] (__do_softirq+0x74/0x104) from [] (run_ksoftirqd+0x68/0x108)
[] (run_ksoftirqd+0x68/0x108) from [] (kthread+0x84/0x8c)
[] (kthread+0x84/0x8c) from [] (kernel_thread_exit+0x0/0x8)

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通常认为，产生异常的地址是lr寄存器的值，从上面的异常信息可以看到[lr]的值是c01a4e30。

接下来，我们可以通过内核镜像文件反汇编来找到这个地址。内核编译完成后，会在内核代码根目录下生成vmlinux文件，我们可以通过以下命令来反汇编：

arm-none-eabi-objdump -Dz-Svmlinux >linux.dump

值得注意的是，arm-none-eabi-objdump的参数-S表示尽可能的把原来的代码和反汇编出来的代码一起呈现出来，-S参数需要结合arm-linux-gcc编译参数-g，才能达到反汇编时同时输出原来的代码。所以，我在linux内核代码根目录的Makefile中增加-g编译参数：

KBUILD_CFLAGS :=-g-Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs \
-fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common \
-Werror-implicit-function-declaration \
-Wno-format-security \
-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks