KeilC51使用详解 (二)

第三节 Keil C51软件包中的通用文件

在C51/LiB目录下有几个C源文件，这几个C源文件有非常重要的作用，对它们稍事修改，就可以用在自己的专用系统中。

1. 动态内存分配

init_mem.C：此文件是初始化动态内存区的程序源代码。它可以指定动态内存的位置及大小，只有使用了init_mem( )才可以调回其它函数，诸如malloc calloc,realloc等。calloc.c：此文件是给数组分配内存的源代码，它可以指定单位数据类型及该单元数目。malloc.c：此文件是malloc的源代码，分配一段固定大小的内存。realloc.c：此文件是realloc.c源代码，其功能是调整当前分配动态内存的大小。

2. C51启动文件STARTUP.A51

启动文件STARTUP.A51中包含目标板启动代码，可在每个project中加入这个文件，只要复位，则该文件立即执行，其功能包括：l 定义内部RAM大小、外部RAM大小、可重入堆栈位置l 清除内部、外部或者以此页为单元的外部存储器l 按存储模式初使化重入堆栈及堆栈指针l 初始化8051硬件堆栈指针l 向main( )函数交权开发人员可修改以下数据从而对系统初始化 常数名 意义IDATALEN 待清内部RAM长度XDATA START 指定待清外部RAM起始地址XDATALEN 待清外部RAM长度IBPSTACK 是否小模式重入堆栈指针需初始化标志，1为需要。缺省为0IBPSTACKTOP 指定小模式重入堆栈顶部地址XBPSTACK 是否大模式重入堆栈指针需初始化标志，缺省为0XBPSTACKTOP 指定大模式重入堆栈顶部地址PBPSTACK 是否Compact重入堆栈指针，需初始化标志，缺省为0PBPSTACKTOP 指定Compact模式重入堆栈顶部地址PPAGEENABLE P2初始化允许开关PPAGE 指定P2值PDATASTART 待清外部RAM页首址PDATALEN 待清外部RAM页长度提示：如果要初始化P2作为紧凑模式高端地址，必须：PPAGEENAGLE＝1，PPAGE为P2值，例如指定某页1000H－10FFH，则PPAGE＝10H，而且连接时必须如下：L51 PDATA(1080H)，其中1080H是1000H－10FFH中的任一个值。以下是STARTUP.A51代码片断，红色是经常可能需要修改的地方：;------------------------------------------------------------------------------; This file is part of the C51 Compiler package; Copyright KEIL ELEKTRONIK GmbH 1990;------------------------------------------------------------------------------; STARTUP.A51: This code is executed after processor reset.;; To translate this file use A51 with the following invocation:;; A51 STARTUP.A51;; To link the modified STARTUP.OBJ file to your application use the following; L51 invocation:;; L51 , STARTUP.OBJ ;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------;; User-defined Power-On Initialization of Memory;; With the following EQU statements the initialization of memory; at processor reset can be defined:;; ; the absolute start-address of IDATA memory is always 0IDATALEN EQU 80H ; the length of IDATA memory in bytes.;XDATASTART EQU 0H ; the absolute start-address of XDATA memoryXDATALEN EQU 0H ; the length of XDATA memory in bytes.;PDATASTART EQU 0H ; the absolute start-address of PDATA memoryPDATALEN EQU 0H ; the length of PDATA memory in bytes.;; Notes: The IDATA space overlaps physically the DATA and BIT areas of the; 8051 CPU. At minimum the memory space occupied from the C51 ; run-time routines must be set to zero.;------------------------------------------------------------------------------;; Reentrant Stack Initilization;; The following EQU statements define the stack pointer for reentrant; functions and initialized it:;; Stack Space for reentrant functions in the SMALL model.IBPSTACK EQU 0 ; set to 1 if small reentrant is used.IBPSTACKTOP EQU 0FFH+1 ; set top of stack to highest location+1.;; Stack Space for reentrant functions in the LARGE model. XBPSTACK EQU 0 ; set to 1 if large reentrant is used.XBPSTACKTOP EQU 0FFFFH+1; set top of stack to highest location+1.;; Stack Space for reentrant functions in the COMPACT model. PBPSTACK EQU 0 ; set to 1 if compact reentrant is used.PBPSTACKTOP EQU 0FFFFH+1; set top of stack to highest location+1.;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------;; Page Definition for Using the Compact Model with 64 KByte xdata RAM;; The following EQU statements define the xdata page used for pdata; variables. The EQU PPAGE must conform with the PPAGE control used; in the linker invocation.;PPAGEENABLE EQU 0 ; set to 1 if pdata object are used.PPAGE EQU 0 ; define PPAGE number.;;------------------------------------------------------------------------------