单片机读写SD卡最简单最基本的程序
时间:11-25
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单片机读写SD卡最简单最基本的程序
/>
/> 2010-11-01 21:14
转载自 刀禁凯森
最终编辑 zlulu2008
处理器:s3c44b0 (arm7)
SD卡与处理器的引脚连接:MISO -->SIORxD MOSI -->SIOTxD CLK -->SCLK CS -->PE5
包括四个文件:sd_drive.c :用户API函数,移植时不需修改
sd_cmd.c:中间层函数,移植时不需修改
sd_hard.c:硬件层函数,移植时需修改
sd_config.h:一些功能的宏定义,移植时需修改
第一次读写SD卡时,需调用SD_Init(void),然后就可以条用 Read_Single_Block或者Write_Single_Block进行读写操作
注意:进行写操作时,最好不要写前700个扇区,应为这些扇区都是FAT文件系统的重要扇区,一旦误写则可能会导致SD无法被电脑识别,需格式化。
U8 Read_Single_Block(U32 blk_addr, U8 *rx_buf)
{
U16 rsp = 1;
U8 i = 0;
SD_sel(); //使能SD卡
while(rsp && (i < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD17, blk_addr < 9); //写命令CMD17
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
send_clk();
}
if(i > 99) //如果命令超时,则执行超时处理
{
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD17");
return WR_SGL_BLK_ERR;
}
spi_ro_mode();
send_clk(); //发送8个clk
read_data(rx_buf); //读取512字节
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("succeed in reading the %dst block!!!", blk_addr);
return NO_ERR;
}
U8 Write_Single_Block(U32 blk_addr, U8 *tx_buf)
{
U16 rsp = 1;
U8 i = 0;
SD_sel(); //使能SD卡
while(rsp && (i < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD24, blk_addr < 9); //写命令CMD24
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
send_clk();
}
if(i > 99) //如果命令超时,则执行超时处理
{
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD17");
return WR_SGL_BLK_ERR;
}
spi_ro_mode();
send_clk(); //发送8个clk
write_data(tx_buf); //读取512字节
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("succeed in writing a block!!!");
return NO_ERR;
}
U8 SD_Init(void)
{
U16 rsp = 1;
U8 i = 0;
spi_port_init(); //初始化spi端口
spi_low_speed(); //初始化时SPI的速度必须低于400khz
spi_ro_mode(); //只读模式
SD_sel(); //选择SD卡
for (i = 0;i < 10; i++) //发送至少75个clk
send_clk();
while(rsp && (i++ < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD0, 0); //写命令CMD0
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
if (rsp == 1) //rsp为0则初始化成功http://www.tea176.com,为1则继续写CMD0
break;
send_clk();
}
SD_desel();
if (i > 99) //初始化超时处理
{
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD0!!!");
return INIT_FAIL;
}
i=0;
SD_sel();
while(rsp && (i++ < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD1, 0); //写CMD1
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
send_clk();
}
SD_desel();
if (i > 99)
{
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD1!!!");
return INIT_FAIL;
}
Uart_Printf("SD card init OK!!!");
spi_high_speed(); //初始化工作全部完毕,SPI进入模式模式
spi_rt_mode();
return NO_ERR;
}
void SD_info()
{
U8 rsp=0;
U8 csd[16];
SD_sel();
write_cmd(CMD9, 0);
rsp = Get_rsp(R1);
if (rsp != 0)
{
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("error in getting SD info!!!");
return ;//GET_INFO_ERR;
}
if (read_register(16, csd) != NO_ERR)
{
SD_desel();
return ;
}
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("SD information :");
if (csd[0] & 0x40 ==0x40)
{
Uart_Printf("version 2.0");
Uart_Printf("size is : %d",1024 * (csd[8]<8 + csd[9]));
}
else
{
Uart_Printf("version 1.x ");
Uart_Printf("size is : %d MByte", ((((csd[6]&0x03)<10) | (csd[7]<2) | ((csd[8]&0xC0)>>6) + 1) * (1 < ((((csd[9]&0x03)<1) | ((csd[10]&0x80)>>7)) + 2)))>>11);
}
Uart_Printf("max block lenght is : %d",1<(csd[5]&0x0f));
}
void write_cmd(U8 cmd, U32 addr)
{
U8 i = 0;
U8 temp[4];
spi_rt_mode(); //spi发送与接收模式
if (cmd <= 13) //前13个命令与地址无关
{
spi_write_byte((cmd & 0x3F) | 0x40); //命令最高两位必须是01
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) //发送4个0,协议规定的
spi_write_byte(0);
if (cmd == 0)
spi_write_byte(0x95); //如果是CMD0,则要发送CRC校正
else spi_write_byte(0xff); //非CMD0,则无需CRC校正,默认为0xFF
}
else
{
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) //将32位的地址分割成4个字节,准备发送
temp=(char)(addr >> (24 - 8 * i));
spi_write_byte((cmd & 0x3F) | 0x40); //命令最高两位必须是01
for(i =0; i < 4; i++)
spi_write_byte(temp); //发送地址,共4个字节
spi_write_byte(0xff); //非CMD0,则无需CRC校正,默认为0xFF
}
}
U16 Get_rsp(U8 type)
{
U16 rsp, temp;
spi_ro_mode(); //spi只读模式
send_clk(); //先发送8个clk
rsp = spi_read_byte(); //用spi读取答应字节
if (rsp & 0x8)
rsp = spi_read_byte();
if (type == R2) //如果是R2类型,则答应为两个字节,须再次读取
{
temp = rsp < 8;
rsp = spi_read_byte();
rsp = temp | rsp;
}
return rsp;
}
void read_data(U8 *buffer)
{
U32 i;
U8 rsp = 0;
while(!(rsp == 0xfe)) //答应字节的最低为0则代表起始位
rsp = spi_read_byte();
for(i = 0;i < BLOCK_LEN; i++) //读一个block的内容,一般为512字节
buffer = spi_read_byte();
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) //读两个CRC校正码
send_clk();
send_clk(); //读结束字节
}
U8 write_data(U8 *buffer)
{
U16 rsp = 0, tmp = 0, busy = 0, i = 6;
spi_rt_mode();
spi_write_byte(0xfe); //起始位
for(i = 0; i < 512; i++) //发送512个字节
spi_write_byte(buffer);
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) //发送16位的CRC校正
spi_write_byte(0xff);
spi_ro_mode(); //等待答应
while(!(rsp == 0x1))
{
rsp =(U16)spi_read_byte();
tmp = rsp;
rsp &= 0x11;
}
while(!(busy == 0xff)) //判忙
{
busy = spi_read_byte();
}
tmp &= 0xe;
if (tmp == 4)
return NO_ERR;
else
{
Uart_Printf("writing error!!!");
return WR_SGL_BLK_ERR;
}
}
U8 read_register(U8 len, U8 *buffer)
{
U8 rsp = 0xff, i = 0;
spi_ro_mode();
while((rsp == 0xff) && (i < 100))
{
rsp=spi_read_byte();
}
if (i > 99)
{
Uart_Printf("ERR in readding register!!!");
return rsp;
}
if (rsp != 0xfe)
{
buffer[0] = rsp;
i = 1;
}
else
i = 0;
for( ; i < len; i++)
buffer = spi_read_byte();
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
send_clk();
send_clk();
return NO_ERR;
}
void send_clk()
{
rSIOCON |= (1 < 3); //使能SPI
while (!(rINTPND & BIT_SIO)); //等待发送完毕
rI_ISPC|=BIT_SIO; //清除中断标志
}
void spi_write_byte(U8 dat)
{
rSIODAT = dat;
send_clk(); //SPI发送
}
U8 spi_read_byte(void)
{
send_clk(); //SPI发送
return rSIODAT;
}
void spi_port_init()
{
rIVTCNT = 0;
rPCONF = (rPCONF & 0xe3ff) | 0x1B0C00; //除了CLK,茶叶MISO,MOSI外,不改变其他位
rPUPF |= 0x160; //使能MISO的上拉电阻
}
#ifndef _SD_CONG
#define _SD_CONG
#define BLOCK_LEN (512) //一个block的长度
#define CMD0 0
#define CMD1 1 // 读OCR寄存器
#define CMD9 9 // 读CSD寄存器
#define CMD10 10 // 读CID寄存器
#define CMD12 12 // 停止读多块时的数据传输
#define CMD13 13 // 读 Card_Status 寄存器
#define CMD16 16 // 设置块的长度
#define CMD17 17 // 读单块
#define CMD18 18 // 读多块,直至主机发送CMD12
#define CMD24 24 // 写单块
#define CMD25 25 // 写多块
#define CMD27 27 // 写CSD寄存器
#define CMD28 28 // Set the write protection bit of the addressed group
#define CMD29 29 // Clear the write protection bit of the addressed group
#define CMD30 30 // Ask the card for the status of the write protection bits
#define CMD32 32 // 设置擦除块的起始地址
#define CMD33 33 // 设置擦除块的终止地址
#define CMD38 38 //擦除所选择的块
#define CMD42 42 // 设置/复位密码或上锁/解锁卡
#define CMD55 55 // 禁止下一个命令为应用命令
#define CMD56 56 // 应用命令的通用I/O
#define CMD58 58 // 读OCR寄存器
#define CMD59 59 // 使能或禁止
//错误返回
#define INIT_FAIL 0
#define NO_ERR 1
#define WR_SGL_BLK_ERR 2
#define GET_INFO_ERR 3
#define R1 1 //SD卡答应类型,表示一个字节
#define R2 2 //SD卡答应类型,表示两个字节
//一下是移植时需修改的内容
#define SD_desel() rPDATE=0x20; //使能SD卡
#define SD_sel() rPDATE=0x00; //放开SD卡
#define spi_high_speed() rSBRDR = 5; //spi高速模式
#define spi_low_speed() rSBRDR = 99; //spi低速模式
#define spi_ro_mode() rSIOCON = (0x0 < 7) | (0x0 < 6) | (0x0 < 5) | (0x0 < 4) | (0x0 < 3) | (0x0 < 2) | 0x1 //只读模式
#define spi_rt_mode() rSIOCON = (0x0 < 7) | (0x0 < 6) | (0x1 < 5) | (0x0 < 4) | (0x0 < 3) | (0x0 < 2) | 0x1 //读写模式
#endif
/>
/> 2010-11-01 21:14
转载自 刀禁凯森
最终编辑 zlulu2008
处理器:s3c44b0 (arm7)
SD卡与处理器的引脚连接:MISO -->SIORxD MOSI -->SIOTxD CLK -->SCLK CS -->PE5
包括四个文件:sd_drive.c :用户API函数,移植时不需修改
sd_cmd.c:中间层函数,移植时不需修改
sd_hard.c:硬件层函数,移植时需修改
sd_config.h:一些功能的宏定义,移植时需修改
第一次读写SD卡时,需调用SD_Init(void),然后就可以条用 Read_Single_Block或者Write_Single_Block进行读写操作
注意:进行写操作时,最好不要写前700个扇区,应为这些扇区都是FAT文件系统的重要扇区,一旦误写则可能会导致SD无法被电脑识别,需格式化。
U8 Read_Single_Block(U32 blk_addr, U8 *rx_buf)
{
U16 rsp = 1;
U8 i = 0;
SD_sel(); //使能SD卡
while(rsp && (i < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD17, blk_addr < 9); //写命令CMD17
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
send_clk();
}
if(i > 99) //如果命令超时,则执行超时处理
{
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD17");
return WR_SGL_BLK_ERR;
}
spi_ro_mode();
send_clk(); //发送8个clk
read_data(rx_buf); //读取512字节
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("succeed in reading the %dst block!!!", blk_addr);
return NO_ERR;
}
U8 Write_Single_Block(U32 blk_addr, U8 *tx_buf)
{
U16 rsp = 1;
U8 i = 0;
SD_sel(); //使能SD卡
while(rsp && (i < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD24, blk_addr < 9); //写命令CMD24
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
send_clk();
}
if(i > 99) //如果命令超时,则执行超时处理
{
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD17");
return WR_SGL_BLK_ERR;
}
spi_ro_mode();
send_clk(); //发送8个clk
write_data(tx_buf); //读取512字节
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("succeed in writing a block!!!");
return NO_ERR;
}
U8 SD_Init(void)
{
U16 rsp = 1;
U8 i = 0;
spi_port_init(); //初始化spi端口
spi_low_speed(); //初始化时SPI的速度必须低于400khz
spi_ro_mode(); //只读模式
SD_sel(); //选择SD卡
for (i = 0;i < 10; i++) //发送至少75个clk
send_clk();
while(rsp && (i++ < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD0, 0); //写命令CMD0
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
if (rsp == 1) //rsp为0则初始化成功http://www.tea176.com,为1则继续写CMD0
break;
send_clk();
}
SD_desel();
if (i > 99) //初始化超时处理
{
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD0!!!");
return INIT_FAIL;
}
i=0;
SD_sel();
while(rsp && (i++ < 100))
{
write_cmd(CMD1, 0); //写CMD1
rsp = Get_rsp(R1); //获取答应
send_clk();
}
SD_desel();
if (i > 99)
{
Uart_Printf("fail in writing CMD1!!!");
return INIT_FAIL;
}
Uart_Printf("SD card init OK!!!");
spi_high_speed(); //初始化工作全部完毕,SPI进入模式模式
spi_rt_mode();
return NO_ERR;
}
void SD_info()
{
U8 rsp=0;
U8 csd[16];
SD_sel();
write_cmd(CMD9, 0);
rsp = Get_rsp(R1);
if (rsp != 0)
{
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("error in getting SD info!!!");
return ;//GET_INFO_ERR;
}
if (read_register(16, csd) != NO_ERR)
{
SD_desel();
return ;
}
SD_desel();
Uart_Printf("SD information :");
if (csd[0] & 0x40 ==0x40)
{
Uart_Printf("version 2.0");
Uart_Printf("size is : %d",1024 * (csd[8]<8 + csd[9]));
}
else
{
Uart_Printf("version 1.x ");
Uart_Printf("size is : %d MByte", ((((csd[6]&0x03)<10) | (csd[7]<2) | ((csd[8]&0xC0)>>6) + 1) * (1 < ((((csd[9]&0x03)<1) | ((csd[10]&0x80)>>7)) + 2)))>>11);
}
Uart_Printf("max block lenght is : %d",1<(csd[5]&0x0f));
}
void write_cmd(U8 cmd, U32 addr)
{
U8 i = 0;
U8 temp[4];
spi_rt_mode(); //spi发送与接收模式
if (cmd <= 13) //前13个命令与地址无关
{
spi_write_byte((cmd & 0x3F) | 0x40); //命令最高两位必须是01
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) //发送4个0,协议规定的
spi_write_byte(0);
if (cmd == 0)
spi_write_byte(0x95); //如果是CMD0,则要发送CRC校正
else spi_write_byte(0xff); //非CMD0,则无需CRC校正,默认为0xFF
}
else
{
for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) //将32位的地址分割成4个字节,准备发送
temp=(char)(addr >> (24 - 8 * i));
spi_write_byte((cmd & 0x3F) | 0x40); //命令最高两位必须是01
for(i =0; i < 4; i++)
spi_write_byte(temp); //发送地址,共4个字节
spi_write_byte(0xff); //非CMD0,则无需CRC校正,默认为0xFF
}
}
U16 Get_rsp(U8 type)
{
U16 rsp, temp;
spi_ro_mode(); //spi只读模式
send_clk(); //先发送8个clk
rsp = spi_read_byte(); //用spi读取答应字节
if (rsp & 0x8)
rsp = spi_read_byte();
if (type == R2) //如果是R2类型,则答应为两个字节,须再次读取
{
temp = rsp < 8;
rsp = spi_read_byte();
rsp = temp | rsp;
}
return rsp;
}
void read_data(U8 *buffer)
{
U32 i;
U8 rsp = 0;
while(!(rsp == 0xfe)) //答应字节的最低为0则代表起始位
rsp = spi_read_byte();
for(i = 0;i < BLOCK_LEN; i++) //读一个block的内容,一般为512字节
buffer = spi_read_byte();
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) //读两个CRC校正码
send_clk();
send_clk(); //读结束字节
}
U8 write_data(U8 *buffer)
{
U16 rsp = 0, tmp = 0, busy = 0, i = 6;
spi_rt_mode();
spi_write_byte(0xfe); //起始位
for(i = 0; i < 512; i++) //发送512个字节
spi_write_byte(buffer);
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) //发送16位的CRC校正
spi_write_byte(0xff);
spi_ro_mode(); //等待答应
while(!(rsp == 0x1))
{
rsp =(U16)spi_read_byte();
tmp = rsp;
rsp &= 0x11;
}
while(!(busy == 0xff)) //判忙
{
busy = spi_read_byte();
}
tmp &= 0xe;
if (tmp == 4)
return NO_ERR;
else
{
Uart_Printf("writing error!!!");
return WR_SGL_BLK_ERR;
}
}
U8 read_register(U8 len, U8 *buffer)
{
U8 rsp = 0xff, i = 0;
spi_ro_mode();
while((rsp == 0xff) && (i < 100))
{
rsp=spi_read_byte();
}
if (i > 99)
{
Uart_Printf("ERR in readding register!!!");
return rsp;
}
if (rsp != 0xfe)
{
buffer[0] = rsp;
i = 1;
}
else
i = 0;
for( ; i < len; i++)
buffer = spi_read_byte();
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++ )
send_clk();
send_clk();
return NO_ERR;
}
void send_clk()
{
rSIOCON |= (1 < 3); //使能SPI
while (!(rINTPND & BIT_SIO)); //等待发送完毕
rI_ISPC|=BIT_SIO; //清除中断标志
}
void spi_write_byte(U8 dat)
{
rSIODAT = dat;
send_clk(); //SPI发送
}
U8 spi_read_byte(void)
{
send_clk(); //SPI发送
return rSIODAT;
}
void spi_port_init()
{
rIVTCNT = 0;
rPCONF = (rPCONF & 0xe3ff) | 0x1B0C00; //除了CLK,茶叶MISO,MOSI外,不改变其他位
rPUPF |= 0x160; //使能MISO的上拉电阻
}
#ifndef _SD_CONG
#define _SD_CONG
#define BLOCK_LEN (512) //一个block的长度
#define CMD0 0
#define CMD1 1 // 读OCR寄存器
#define CMD9 9 // 读CSD寄存器
#define CMD10 10 // 读CID寄存器
#define CMD12 12 // 停止读多块时的数据传输
#define CMD13 13 // 读 Card_Status 寄存器
#define CMD16 16 // 设置块的长度
#define CMD17 17 // 读单块
#define CMD18 18 // 读多块,直至主机发送CMD12
#define CMD24 24 // 写单块
#define CMD25 25 // 写多块
#define CMD27 27 // 写CSD寄存器
#define CMD28 28 // Set the write protection bit of the addressed group
#define CMD29 29 // Clear the write protection bit of the addressed group
#define CMD30 30 // Ask the card for the status of the write protection bits
#define CMD32 32 // 设置擦除块的起始地址
#define CMD33 33 // 设置擦除块的终止地址
#define CMD38 38 //擦除所选择的块
#define CMD42 42 // 设置/复位密码或上锁/解锁卡
#define CMD55 55 // 禁止下一个命令为应用命令
#define CMD56 56 // 应用命令的通用I/O
#define CMD58 58 // 读OCR寄存器
#define CMD59 59 // 使能或禁止
//错误返回
#define INIT_FAIL 0
#define NO_ERR 1
#define WR_SGL_BLK_ERR 2
#define GET_INFO_ERR 3
#define R1 1 //SD卡答应类型,表示一个字节
#define R2 2 //SD卡答应类型,表示两个字节
//一下是移植时需修改的内容
#define SD_desel() rPDATE=0x20; //使能SD卡
#define SD_sel() rPDATE=0x00; //放开SD卡
#define spi_high_speed() rSBRDR = 5; //spi高速模式
#define spi_low_speed() rSBRDR = 99; //spi低速模式
#define spi_ro_mode() rSIOCON = (0x0 < 7) | (0x0 < 6) | (0x0 < 5) | (0x0 < 4) | (0x0 < 3) | (0x0 < 2) | 0x1 //只读模式
#define spi_rt_mode() rSIOCON = (0x0 < 7) | (0x0 < 6) | (0x1 < 5) | (0x0 < 4) | (0x0 < 3) | (0x0 < 2) | 0x1 //读写模式
#endif
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