Do multi GHz ultra low jitter oscillators work the same way as low frequency ones

Modern systems need very high speed oscillator sources with very narry tolerance for jitter. A simple oscillator used to supply clock to a microcontroller can be built by connecting a quartyz crystal with some external components to the microcontroller clock input.

Are multi GHz ultra low jitter oscillators built the same way? How are they different?

they are either VCO's with PLL's locked to a low frequency crystal to control the jitter, SAW resonator based oscillators free running, or high Q microwave resonators (like sapphire, etc) and possibly phase locked to a crystal

In principle yes but the real technology differs. Up to ~500 MHz quartz crystals are used as resonators, other resonator types are used at microwaves. To stabilize the frequency, low-frequency crystal oscillators are used as reference, their frequency multiplied to control the high frequency VCO by phase-lock or other techniques.