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7.Ricoboard开发板上ramdisk文件系统简单和Matrix文件解析

时间：10-02 整理：3721RD 点击：
一）概念
ramdisk一般是指虚拟内存盘，即通过软件将一部分内存（RAM）模拟为硬盘来使用的一种技术。在arm linux领域里面ramdisk文件系统则是指通过ramdisk方式加载文件系统。
Linux文件系统中的文件是数据的集合，文件系统不仅包含着文件中的数据而且还有文件系统的结构，所有Linux 用户和程序看到的文件、目录、软连接及文件保护信息等都存储在其中。
linux根文件系统是内核启动时所mount的第一个文件系统，内核代码映像文件必须保存在根文件系统中，系统引导启动程序会在根文件系统挂载之后从中把一些基本的初始化脚本和服务等加载到内存中去运行。
那么根文件系统在系统启动中到底是什么时候挂载的呢?先将/dev/ram0挂载，而后执行/linuxrc.等其执行完后。切换根目录，再挂载具体的根文件系统.根文件系统执行完之后，也就是到了Start_kernel()函数的最后，执行init的进程，也就第一个用户进程。对系统进行各种初始化的操作。
PC上有ramdisk 和直接挂载HD（Harddisk，硬盘）上两种根文件系统；嵌入式中一般是从Flash启动，最简单的方法是将文件系统加载到RAM的RAMDisk，
稍复杂的方式是直接从Flash 读取Cramfs文件系统，更复杂的方式是在Flash上分区，并构建JFFS2等文件系统。
RAMDisk文件系统将制作好的文件系统压缩后写入Flash，启动的时候由Bootloader load到RAM，解压缩，然后挂载到 /。
ramdisk就是用内存空间来模拟出硬盘分区,ramdisk通常使用磁盘文件系统的压缩存放在flash中,在系统初始化时,解压缩到SDRAM并挂载根文件系统,
在linux系统中,ramdisk有二种,一种就是可以格式化并加载,在linux内核2.0/2.2就已经支持,其不足之处是大小固定;
另一种是 2.4的内核才支持,通过,ramfs来实现,他不能被格式化,但用起来方便,其大小随所需要的空间增加或减少,是目前linux常用的ramdisk技术。
初始RAM磁盘（initrd）是在实际根文件系统可用之前挂载到系统中的一个初始根文件系统。initrd与内核绑定在一起，并作为内核引导过程的一部分进行加载。内核然后会将这个 initrd文件作为其两阶段引导过程的一部分来加载模块，这样才能稍后使用真正的文件系统，并挂载实际的根文件系统。
initrd 中包含了实现这个目标所需要的目录和可执行程序的最小集合，例如将内核模块加载到内核中所使用的 insmod 工具。
Matrix文件系统，它是ti公司自己单独维护的一个具有GUI的Linux文件系统，我们可以安装ti的Sitara Software Development Kit (SDK)后，就可以很方便的开发一些应用程序。
二）ramdisk文件系统实现
1.文件系统实现
1.1 下载busybox源代码，下载地址为：https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.25.0.tar.bz2
1.2 解压，编译busybox，并通过tftp和nfs方式测试此文件系统。


1.3 在etc/profile文件中修改如下测试代码：
echo "Done 20161128"
通过下面的kernel log我们可以确定下面几点：
a.我们编译的kernel被加载到系统中；
b.我们修改的profile被加载到系统中；


  2. Starting kernel ...

  4. Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
  5. Linux version 3.12.10 (root@pc) (gcc version 4.7.3 20130226 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1-4.7-2013.03-20130313 - Linaro GCC 2013.03) ) #4 Thu Nov 24 17:25:29 CST 2016
  6. CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc09a] revision 10 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
  7. CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
  8. Machine: Generic AM43 (Flattened Device Tree), model: MYIR Rico Board
  9. cma: CMA: reserved 24 MiB at 9e000000
  10. Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
  11. CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
  12. AM437x ES1.0 (sgx neon )
  13. Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 129280
  14. Kernel command line: console=ttyO0,115200n8 omapdss.def_disp=display1 omapfb.mode=display1:1024x768MR-24@60 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.9.217:/opt/nfs_dir,nolock rw ip=dhcp
  15. PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
  16. Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
  17. Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
  18. Memory: 483248K/521216K available (5591K kernel code, 561K rwdata, 1904K rodata, 346K init, 225K bss, 37968K reserved, 0K highmem)
  19. Virtual kernel memory layout:
  20.     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
  21.     fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
  22.     vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff000000   ( 488 MB)
  23.     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000   ( 512 MB)
  24.     pkmap   : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000   (   2 MB)
  25.     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000   (  14 MB)
  26.       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc075a08c   (7497 kB)
  27.       .init : 0xc075b000 - 0xc07b1848   ( 347 kB)
  28.       .data : 0xc07b2000 - 0xc083e478   ( 562 kB)
  29.        .bss : 0xc083e478 - 0xc0876a80   ( 226 kB)
  30. NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16
  31. GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
  32. GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
  33. OMAP clockevent source: timer2 at 24000000 Hz
  34. sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 178956ms
  35. OMAP clocksource: timer1 at 24000000 Hz
  36. Console: colour dummy device 80x30
  37. Calibrating delay loop... 597.60 BogoMIPS (lpj=2988032)
  38. pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
  39. Security Framework initialized
  40. Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
  41. CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
  42. Setting up static identity map for 0xc057b8e8 - 0xc057b958
  43. L310 cache controller enabled
  44. l2x0: 16 ways, CACHE_ID 0x410000c9, AUX_CTRL 0x7e030000, Cache size: 256 kB
  45. devtmpfs: initialized
  46. VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4
  47. omap_hwmod: dss_dispc: cannot be enabled for reset (3)
  48. omap_hwmod: dss_rfbi: cannot be enabled for reset (3)
  49. pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
  50. regulator-dummy: no parameters
  51. NET: Registered protocol family 16
  52. DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
  53. spi_init
  54. cpuidle: using governor ladder
  55. cpuidle: using governor menu
  56. platform 49000000.edma: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  57. platform 44e3e000.rtc: Cannot lookup hwmod 'rtc'
  58. OMAP GPIO hardware version 0.1
  59. platform 56000000.sgx: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  60. platform ocp2scp.0: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  61. platform ocp2scp.1: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  62. platform 48380000.omap_dwc3_1: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  63. platform 483c0000.omap_dwc3_2: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  64. platform 4832a000.dss: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  65. platform 4832a400.dispc: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  66. platform 4832a800.rfbi: FIXME: clock-name 'fck' DOES NOT exist in dt！
  67. No ATAGs?
  68. hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers.
  69. hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes.
  70. bio: create slab at 0
  71. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: TI EDMA DMA engine driver
  72. vmmcsd_fixed: 3300 mV
  73. evm_v3p3: 3300 mV
  74. vgaarb: loaded
  75. SCSI subsystem initialized
  76. usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
  77. usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
  78. usbcore: registered new device driver usb
  79. omap_i2c 44e0b000.i2c: could not find pctldev for node /pinmux@44e10800/pinmux_i2c0_pins, deferring probe
  80. platform 44e0b000.i2c: Driver omap_i2c requests probe deferral
  81. omap_i2c 4802a000.i2c: could not find pctldev for node /pinmux@44e10800/i2c1_pins, deferring probe
  82. platform 4802a000.i2c: Driver omap_i2c requests probe deferral
  83. media: Linux media interface: v0.10
  84. Linux video capture interface: v2.00
  85. pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
  86. pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti
  87. PTP clock support registered
  88. Switched to clocksource timer1
  89. NET: Registered protocol family 2
  90. TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
  91. TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
  92. TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
  93. TCP: reno registered
  94. UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
  95. UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
  96. NET: Registered protocol family 1
  97. RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
  98. RPC: Registered udp transport module.
  99. RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
  100. RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
  101. NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
  102. PM: Loading am335x-pm-firmware.bin
  103. VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2
  104. Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
  105. NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
  106. Key type id_resolver registered
  107. Key type id_legacy registered
  108. jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  ? 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
  109. msgmni has been set to 991
  110. NET: Registered protocol family 38
  111. io scheduler noop registered
  112. io scheduler deadline registered
  113. io scheduler cfq registered (default)
  114. omap-ocp2scp ocp2scp.0: invalid resource
  115. omap-ocp2scp: probe of ocp2scp.0 failed with error -22
  116. omap-ocp2scp ocp2scp.1: invalid resource
  117. omap-ocp2scp: probe of ocp2scp.1 failed with error -22
  118. pinctrl-single 44e10800.pinmux: 199 pins at pa f9e10800 size 796
  119. OMAP DSS rev 2.0
  120. connector-hdmi connector.6: failed to find video source
  121. platform connector.6: Driver connector-hdmi requests probe deferral
  122. omapfb omapfb: failed to find default display
  123. omapfb omapfb: failed to setup omapfb
  124. platform omapfb: Driver omapfb requests probe deferral
  125. Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
  126. omap_uart 44e09000.serial: No clock speed specified: using default:48000000
  127. 44e09000.serial: ttyO0 at MMIO 0x44e09000 (irq = 104, base_baud = 3000000) is a OMAP UART0
  128. console [ttyO0] enabled
  129. omap_rng 48310000.rng: OMAP Random Number Generator ver. 20
  130. brd: module loaded
  131. loop: module loaded
  132. mtdoops: mtd device (mtddev=name/number) must be supplied
  133. spidev_init
  134. =1=spi_gpio_probe
  135. =1=spi_gpio_probe_dt pdata->sck=0xa4
  136. =1=spi_gpio_probe_dt pdata->miso=0xa5
  137. =1=spi_gpio_probe_dt pdata->mosi=0xa6
  138. =1=spi_gpio_probe_dt pdata->num_chipselect=0x4
  139. =2=spi_gpio_probe
  140. =21=spi_gpio_probe
  141. =22=spi_gpio_probe
  142. =3=spi_gpio_probe
  143. =4=spi_gpio_probe
  144. =5=spi_gpio_probe
  145. =6=spi_gpio_probe
  146. =7=spi_gpio_probe
  147. =8=spi_gpio_probe
  148. =1=spi_register_master
  149. =1=of_spi_register_master master->num_chipselect=4 nb=1
  150. =2=of_spi_register_master master->num_chipselect=4
  151. =2=spi_register_master master->num_chipselect=4
  152. =3=spi_register_master master->bus_num=32766
  153. =4=spi_register_master
  154. =6=spi_register_master
  155. =1=spi_add_device
  156. =2=spi_add_device
  157. =3=spi_add_device
  158. =1=spi_gpio_setup spi->chip_select=0
  159. =1=spi_gpio_setup cs=0xa7
  160. =2=spi_gpio_setup
  161. =21=spi_gpio_setup
  162. =22=spi_gpio_setup
  163. =23=spi_gpio_setup
  164. =31=spi_gpio_setup
  165. =32=spi_gpio_setup
  166. =4=spi_add_device
  167. =5=spi_add_device
  168. =7=spi_register_master
  169. =9=spi_gpio_probe
  170. ti_qspi_probe
  171. =1=spi_register_master
  172. =1=of_spi_register_master master->num_chipselect=4 nb=-2
  173. =2=of_spi_register_master master->num_chipselect=4
  174. =2=spi_register_master master->num_chipselect=4
  175. =3=spi_register_master master->bus_num=32765
  176. =4=spi_register_master
  177. =6=spi_register_master
  178. =1=spi_add_device
  179. =2=spi_add_device
  180. =3=spi_add_device
  181. =4=spi_add_device
  182. spi_init
  183. m25p80 spi32765.0: s25fl128s (16384 Kbytes)
  184. 7 ofpart partitions found on MTD device spi32765.0
  185. Creating 7 MTD partitions on "spi32765.0":
  186. 0x000000000000-0x000000080000 : "QSPI.U_BOOT"
  187. 0x000000080000-0x000000100000 : "QSPI.U_BOOT.backup"
  188. 0x000000100000-0x000000120000 : "QSPI.U_BOOT_ENV"
  189. 0x000000120000-0x000000140000 : "QSPI.U-BOOT-ENV.backup"
  190. 0x000000140000-0x000000150000 : "QSPI.U-BOOT-DEVICETREE"
  191. 0x000000150000-0x000000650000 : "QSPI.KERNEL"
  192. 0x000000650000-0x000001000000 : "QSPI.FILESYSTEM"
  193. =5=spi_add_device
  194. =7=spi_register_master
  195. usbcore: registered new interface driver asix
  196. usbcore: registered new interface driver ax88179_178a
  197. usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
  198. usbcore: registered new interface driver r815x
  199. usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx
  200. usbcore: registered new interface driver net1080
  201. usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_subset
  202. usbcore: registered new interface driver zaurus
  203. usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm
  204. ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
  205. ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
  206. ehci-omap: OMAP-EHCI Host Controller driver
  207. xhci-hcd xhci-hcd.0.auto: xHCI Host Controller
  208. xhci-hcd xhci-hcd.0.auto: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
  209. xhci-hcd xhci-hcd.0.auto: irq 206, io mem 0x483d0000
  210. usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002
  211. usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
  212. usb usb1: Product: xHCI Host Controller
  213. usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.12.10 xhci-hcd
  214. usb usb1: SerialNumber: xhci-hcd.0.auto
  215. hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
  216. hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
  217. xhci-hcd xhci-hcd.0.auto: xHCI Host Controller
  218. xhci-hcd xhci-hcd.0.auto: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
  219. usb usb2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0003
  220. usb usb2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
  221. usb usb2: Product: xHCI Host Controller
  222. usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 3.12.10 xhci-hcd
  223. usb usb2: SerialNumber: xhci-hcd.0.auto
  224. hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
  225. hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
  226. usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_wdm
  227. usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
  228. mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
  229. omap_rtc 44e3e000.rtc: rtc core: registered 44e3e000.rtc as rtc0
  230. 44e3e000.rtc: already running
  231. i2c /dev entries driver
  232. vpfe-capture 48326000.vpfe: v4l2 device registered
  233. vpfe-capture 48326000.vpfe: Asynchronous subdevice registration
  234. vpfe-capture 48326000.vpfe: AM437x ISIF is registered with vpfe.
  235. vpfe-capture 48328000.vpfe: v4l2 device registered
  236. vpfe-capture 48328000.vpfe: Asynchronous subdevice registration
  237. vpfe-capture 48328000.vpfe: AM437x ISIF is registered with vpfe.
  238. Driver for 1-wire Dallas network protocol.
  239. omap_wdt: OMAP Watchdog Timer Rev 0x01: initial timeout 60 sec
  240. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:3
  241. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:2
  242. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:25
  243. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:24
  244. ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
  245. mmc0: BKOPS_EN bit is not set
  246. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:36
  247. omap-sham 53100000.sham: hw accel on OMAP rev 0.0
  248. omap-aes 53501000.aes: OMAP AES hw accel rev: 0.1
  249. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:5
  250. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:6
  251. omap-des 53701000.des: OMAP DES hw accel rev: 0.33
  252. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:33
  253. mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001
  254. edma-dma-engine edma-dma-engine.0: allocated channel for 0:34
  255. mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 P1XXXX 3.60 GiB
  256. mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 P1XXXX partition 1 2.00 MiB
  257. mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 P1XXXX partition 2 2.00 MiB
  258. mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3
  259. usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
  260. usbhid: USB HID core driver
  261. mmcblk0boot1: unknown partition table
  262. oprofile: no performance counters
  263. oprofile: using timer interrupt.
  264. mmcblk0boot0: unknown partition table
  265. TCP: cubic registered
  266. Initializing XFRM netlink socket
  267. NET: Registered protocol family 17
  268. NET: Registered protocol family 15
  269. 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
  270. Key type dns_resolver registered
  271. cpu cpu0: cpu0 regulator not ready, retry
  272. platform cpufreq-cpu0.0: Driver cpufreq-cpu0 requests probe deferral
  273. PM: CM3 Firmware Version = 0x186
  274. ThumbEE CPU extension supported.
  275. vdd_core: 920 1140 mV at 1100 mV
  276. vdd_mpu: 920 1375 mV at 950 mV
  277. DCDC3: at 1500 mV
  278. LDO1: 1800 mV
  279. vdd_vbus0: no parameters
  280. vdd_vbus1: no parameters
  281. ov2659 0-0030: ov2659_probe: debug: 0
  282. mmc1: host does not support reading read-only switch. assuming write-enable.
  283. ov2659 0-0030: Sensor detection failed (3030, 0)
  284. mmc1: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa
  285. omap_i2c 44e0b000.i2c: bus 0 rev0.12 at 100 kHz
  286. mmcblk1: mmc1:aaaa SU04G 3.69 GiB
  287. sii9022 1-003b: sil9022 HDMI Chip version = b0
  288. mmcblk1: p1
  289. ov2659 1-0030: ov2659_probe: debug: 0
  290. ov2659 1-0030: Sensor detection failed (3030, 0)
  291. omap_i2c 4802a000.i2c: bus 1 rev0.12 at 100 kHz
  292. sii9022 1-003b: CONNECT
  293. omapdss APPLY error: manager lcd is already connected to an output
  294. fbcvt: 1024x768@60: CVT Name - .786M3-R
  295. Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
  296. sii9022 1-003b: ENABLE
  297. sii9022 1-003b: HW_ENABLE -> Timings
  298. pixel_clk                       = 56000
  299. horizontal res          = 1024
  300. vertical res                    = 768
  301. sii9022 1-003b: hdmi enabled
  302. davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: davinci mdio revision 1.6
  303. davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: detected phy mask fffffffe
  304. libphy: 4a101000.mdio: probed
  305. davinci_mdio 4a101000.mdio: phy[0]: device 4a101000.mdio:00, driver unknown
  306. Detected MACID = c4:be:84:cd:b1:ea
  307. input: gpio_keys.9 as /devices/gpio_keys.9/input/input0
  308. omap_rtc 44e3e000.rtc: setting system clock to 2000-01-01 00:57:52 UTC (946688272)
  309. net eth0: initializing cpsw version 1.15 (0)
  310. net eth0: phy found : id is : 0x221622
  311. 8021q: adding VLAN 0 to HW filter on device eth0
  312. libphy: 4a101000.mdio:00 - Link is Up - 100/Full
  313. Sending DHCP requests ., OK
  314. IP-Config: Got DHCP answer from 192.168.9.1, my address is 192.168.9.166
  315. IP-Config: Complete:
  316.      device=eth0, hwaddr=c4:be:84:cd:b1:ea, ipaddr=192.168.9.166, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.9.1
  317.      host=192.168.9.166, domain=, nis-domain=(none)
  318.      bootserver=0.0.0.0, rootserver=192.168.9.217, rootpath=
  319.      nameserver0=202.106.46.151, nameserver1=202.106.196.115
  320. VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem) on device 0:13.
  321. devtmpfs: mounted
  322. Freeing unused kernel memory: 344K (c075b000 - c07b1000)

  324. Processing /etc/profile... Done 20161128

复制代码


2.uboot和kernel设置
kernel设置如下：




uboot命令行设置：

  1. Kernel command line: console=ttyO0,115200n8 omapdss.def_disp=display1 omapfb.mode=display1:1024x768MR-24@60 root=/dev/ram0 rw ramdisk_size=131072 initrd=0x81000000,64M rootfstype=ext2

复制代码


3.ramdisk.gz制作，加载。
3.1 下载genext2fs源代码，下载地址：http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/genext2fs/genext2fs/1.4.1/genext2fs-1.4.1.tar.gz
./configure&&make &&make install
3.2 使用下面的命令将准备好的文件系统制作成ramdisk，并拷贝到TF卡中
genext2fs -b 32768 -d /opt/RicoBoard/02-Images/20161128/_install ramdisk
测试的kernel启动log如下：


通过Hdmi显示的linux系统启动画面如下：


三）总结
1. ramdisk，initrd和init以及linux根文件系统流程；
2. 通过busybox源代码制作linux文件系统；
3. ramdisk文件系统的制作，启动。
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