微波近场成像检测乳腺癌及其微波热疗

时间：12-29 来源：mwrf 点击：

将为完善该系统铺平道路。但也应看到，乳腺癌的微波检测与微波热疗还有很多工作要做，比如在美国Dartmouth大学和加拿大Victoria大学的研究中必须将患者的乳房浸在匹配液体中，这必将给患者带来不便；有关的医学专家也对此提出疑问：这样的一套系统，每次检查完患者后都需要对匹配液体进行更换，对病床进行消毒，需要很长的附加时间，增加工作量，医院和病人都很难接受，只能用于实验室开展研究工作，不适合乳腺癌普查；WisconsinMadison大学的研究中使用的天线较大，不适合临床应用；文献［31］、［32］也需要匹配液体，且现阶段也只停留在实验室内能够完成。

从上面的分析可以看到，单纯的红外成像检测乳腺癌有其弊端，一方面成像质量很难保证，另一方面受医生的主观影响较大。单纯的用微波对乳腺癌进行检测和热疗的设备复杂，难于临床实现，难于完成乳腺癌的普查任务。看来，综合的方法可能是具有潜力的一种方法，除微波和超声波的结合外，将微波和红外结合也不失为一种好方法。可以通过适当的天线或天线阵发射一定剂量的微波直接照射乳房，正常乳房组织和肿瘤组织在电磁波的照射下，吸收的程度不同，从而温升不同。肿瘤组织含水高，吸收的能量多于正常的乳房组织，相对温升高。在此基础上进行红外测量，得到的图像相对容易识别，能够达到高效、简单、易行、方便、廉价的目的，适合乳腺癌的普查。在具体设计系统计算电磁场的逆散射方程时，由于其非线性和病态的本质，可以考虑用遗传算法［33，34］或神经网络［35，36］等方法更为方便。

我国乳腺癌的微波检测和微波热疗方面的研究才刚刚开始，可能会遇到很多的问题。但随着妇女地位的提高，以及国家的妇女政策，加之科研工作者的努力，这项有意的工作必将蓬勃发展。结合我国国情，这一项低风险低成本的检测手段必将造福于广大妇女，尤其对老少边穷地区的医疗保健事业有重大意义。

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