opamp verilog-A model疑问

cadence中ahdlLib中opamp verilog-A代码最后两段，不是太明白
//
// Output Stage.
//
I(vref, vout) <+ V(cout, vref)/rout;
I(vout, vref) <+ V(vout, vref)/rout;
无法想象出output stage到底是什么样一个结构?
//
// Soft Output Limiting.
//
if (V(vout) > (V(vspply_p) - vsoft))
I(cout, vref) <+ gm_nom*(V(vout, vspply_p)+vsoft);
else if (V(vout) < (V(vspply_n) + vsoft))
I(cout, vref) <+ gm_nom*(V(vout, vspply_n)-vsoft);
end

`include "discipline.h"
`include "constants.h"
// $Date: 1997/08/28 05:45:21 $
// $Revision: 1.1 $
//
//
// Based on the OVI Verilog-A Language Reference Manual, version 1.0 1996
//
//

`define PI3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937511
//--------------------
// opamp
//
// -operational amplifier
//
// vin_p,vin_n: differential input voltage [V,A]
// vout: output voltage [V,A]
// vref: reference voltage [V,A]
// vspply_p: positive supply voltage [V,A]
// vspply_n: negative supply voltage [V,A]
//
// INSTANCE parameters
//gain= gain []
//freq_unitygain = unity gain frequency [Hz]
//rin= input resistance [Ohms]
//vin_offset= input offset voltage referred to negative [V]
//ibias= input current [A]
//iin_max= maximum current [A]
//slew_rate= slew rate [A/F]
//rout= output resistance [Ohms]
//vsoft= soft output limiting value [V]
//
// MODEL parameters
//{none}
//
module opamp(vout, vref, vin_p, vin_n, vspply_p, vspply_n);
input vref, vspply_p, vspply_n;
inout vout, vin_p, vin_n;
electrical vout, vref, vin_p, vin_n, vspply_p, vspply_n;
parameter real gain = 835e3;
parameter real freq_unitygain= 1.0e6;
parameter real rin = 1e6;
parameter real vin_offset = 0.0;
parameter real ibias = 0.0;
parameter real iin_max = 100e-6;
parameter real slew_rate = 0.5e6;
parameter real rout = 80;
parameter real vsoft = 0.5;
real c1;
real gm_nom;
real r1;
real vmax_in;
real vin_val;
electrical cout;

analog begin
@ ( initial_step or initial_step("dc") ) begin
c1 = iin_max/(slew_rate);
gm_nom = 2 * `PI * freq_unitygain * c1;
r1 = gain/gm_nom;
vmax_in = iin_max/gm_nom;
end

vin_val = V(vin_p,vin_n) + vin_offset;
//
// Input stage.
//
I(vin_p, vin_n) <+ (V(vin_p, vin_n) + vin_offset)/ rin;
I(vref, vin_p) <+ ibias;
I(vref, vin_n) <+ ibias;
//
// GM stage with slewing
//
I(vref, cout) <+ V(vref, cout)/100e6;
if (vin_val > vmax_in)
I(vref, cout) <+ iin_max;
else if (vin_val < -vmax_in)
I(vref, cout) <+ -iin_max;
else
I(vref, cout) <+ gm_nom*vin_val ;
//
// Dominant Pole.
//
I(cout, vref) <+ ddt(c1*V(cout, vref));
I(cout, vref) <+ V(cout, vref)/r1;
//
// Output Stage.
//
I(vref, vout) <+ V(cout, vref)/rout;
I(vout, vref) <+ V(vout, vref)/rout;
//
// Soft Output Limiting.
//
if (V(vout) > (V(vspply_p) - vsoft))
I(cout, vref) <+ gm_nom*(V(vout, vspply_p)+vsoft);
else if (V(vout) < (V(vspply_n) + vsoft))
I(cout, vref) <+ gm_nom*(V(vout, vspply_n)-vsoft);
end
endmodule

同问，哪位来帮忙解答下。

搭车同问。

是一个gain为1的buffer，用来防止输出负载对运放gain的影响。